Textile-based heating system for safe localized warts treatment

Microfluidic Sensing Textile for Continuous Monitoring of Sweat Glucose at Rest

“…However, on-demand and in situ sweat analysis using textile sensors during sedentary states of the human body remains a prominent challenge because of the poor secretion rate, inefficient collection, and rapid sweat evaporation. − Temperature-dependent studies of sweat secretion have shown that the threshold temperature for thermal stimulation is 40 °C . Wearable Joule thermal textiles have been used in wearable devices to control skin temperature. − Joule-heated textiles can potentially be used as textile sensors’ heating elements for promoting sweat production in sedentary individuals. − Most textile sensors lack microfluidic modules and can only passively and randomly collect the sweat sample, which suffers from high sweat sample volume, poor anti-interference performance, and low long-term stability. ,− Fluid systems with these characteristics can be found in nature. , Natural porous networks with smooth mass transfer behavior, often referred to as Murray networks, have been observed in plant stems and leaf veins. − Evolution through natural selection has endowed rhizomes in the plant with a naturally porous network with asymmetric porosity and wettability to sustain life in hot and arid environments (Figure a). − The specific porous networks and wettability differences minimize resistance for directional water transport and promote water collection for drought tolerance. − Sweat-conducting devices with controlled directional fluid transport behavior based on Murray’s law effectively avoid evaporation and dilution of trace sweat and skin contamination. ,, Therefore, further optimizing the structure of textile sensors by integrating heating elements and bionic microfluidic networks with directional water transport behavior is an excellent solution for simultaneous sweat generation, collection, and retention. , …”