Textures classification based on DWT

Kováč, Ondrej; Lukács, Péter; Gladisova, Iveta

doi:10.1109/radioelek.2018.8376379

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The solution provides a WDM wavelength division multiplex which employs multiple optical waves transmitting with one OF for data transmission, each of which is at a different wavelength. The implementation of WDM devices into existing optical networks is very simple and easy, as it is only necessary for the technology to innovate or complete the transmission systems, while the OFs remain physically unchangeable [5][6][7][8]. For this reason, WDM transmission systems are currently the most used and come with the best advantages.…”

Section: Wdm Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 40-channel system uses a 100 GHz channel range and 50 GHz for an 80-channel system. This separation determines the width of the spectral wavelength of each channel, i.e., as the channels are close to each other [8]. The number of channels used also depends on the OF used on the optical path, but for standard SM (single mode) OF we can transport data over a distance of more than 80 km without using an amplifier.…”

Section: Wdm Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of channels used also depends on the OF used on the optical path, but for standard SM (single mode) OF we can transport data over a distance of more than 80 km without using an amplifier. If we have to transmit data over long distances, signal amplifiers placed in cascade style are used every approximately 80-100 km [7][8][9]. By competing among the companies that are trying to break the record in achieving the highest speed, bridging distance, and using multiple channels on a single OF, the DWDM technology is moving fast.…”

Section: Wdm Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in which is the input power of the wave. Equation (8) shows that the impact of XPM is much more important than the impact of SPM in multichannel communication systems. However, OF dispersion generally decreases this effect.…”

Section: Influence Of Xpm To Complete An Optical Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suppression of Nonlinear XPM Phenomenon by Selection of Appropriate Transmit Power Levels in the DWDM System

Ivaniga

2019

International Journal of Optics

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In the 21st century, it is not possible to implement fully optical communication systems without software tools to test the system for all unwanted phenomena occurring during real-time operation. With ever-increasing transmission rate and low latency, nonlinear phenomena are associated with higher power levels and smaller spacing between channels began to appear in OFs (optical fibers). This paper aims to implement a four-channel DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex) system on which the nonlinear XPM (cross-phase modulation) phenomenon will be investigated. At the output of the system, we will eliminate the phenomenon (partially suppressed) by the appropriate choice of transmitting power levels (power levels operating at 193,025 THz to 193,175 THz) when the OF is dispersed. In optical transfer data systems a system is functioning if the measured BER parameter is not bigger than 10−12.

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Section: Wdm Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wdm Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wdm Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of Xpm To Complete An Optical Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Suppression of Nonlinear XPM Phenomenon by Selection of Appropriate Transmit Power Levels in the DWDM System

Ivaniga

2019

International Journal of Optics

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“…It has been proven that the restriction due to PMD and chromatic dispersion is negligible if using a coherent reception with digital signal processing. Also, the influence of 10 Gbit.s -1 or 40 Gbit.s -1 /100 Gbit.s -1 needs to be mentioned [22][23][24]. If the system with a transfer speed of 10 Gbit.s -1 OOK-NRZ is merged to a system with a speed of 40 Gbit.s -1 using PSK, the 40 Gbit.s -1 system will be interfered with XPM (Cross Phase Modulation) -which originates from amplitude modulation.…”

Section: Fusion Of Cwdm/dwdmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2019

JESTR

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The continual increase in transfer capacity and speed leads to the continual improvement of fully optical transfer communication systems. The aim of this article is to present the creation of an 8-channel CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplex) system (gap spacing of 20 nm), where 10 channels, with gaps of 2 nm are gradually inserted between wavelengths of 1530 nm to 1550 nm according to the ITU-T G.694.1 recommendation. This system is evaluated using the BER (Bit Error Rate) of a specific channel operating on a wavelength of 1540 nm. In the topology we used an EDFA (Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier) placed In-Line at 90 km with a bit speed of 10 Gbit.s-1. Consequently, in order to overcome the problem of distance, an optical loop with an appropriate EDFA configuration was created. This article presents the basic mathematical description of bit error rate and also deals with the possibility of the incorporation of CWDM and DWDM systems into existing infrastructures.

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