TGA-FTIR Analysis of Torrefaction of Lignocellulosic Components (cellulose, xylan, lignin) in Isothermal Conditions over a Wide Range of Time Durations

Lv, Pin; Perré, Patrick; Perré, Giana Almeida

doi:10.15376/biores.10.3.4239-4251

Cited by 62 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In our case, the small amounts detected in the torrefaction gas for all tests indicate that cellulose probably remained largely in an undevolatilised state in the torrefied product. This is in agreement with results published by Lv et al [37] and Park et al [38]. Fig.…”

Section: Organics In Torrefaction Gassupporting

confidence: 94%

Detailed mapping of the mass and energy balance of a continuous biomass torrefaction plant

Kiel

Carbo

Nanou

2016

Biomass and Bioenergy

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Biomass torrefaction was tested on pilot scale (50 kg h À1 throughput) for 3 types of wood: spruce, ash and willow at torrefaction temperatures of 250 Ce265 C. Quantitative analysis of process streams was accomplished by utilising on-and off-line analytical methods. The data obtained from the pilot tests could be very well translated into large-scale operations. A theoretical overall thermal efficiency of 88e89% was calculated for a large-scale heat-integrated torrefaction process that uses wet woody feedstock containing a mass fraction of 45% moisture. These results show that a pilot plant is most suitable not only for exploration of (new) feedstocks but also for generating experimental data that provide valuable information for the design of full-scale plants. The detailed mapping of the mass and energy balances presented in this work can be used further as input for process optimisation, evaluation of commercial viability and techno-economic analyses which can further help in up-scaling and commercialisation of the torrefaction technology.

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Section: Organics In Torrefaction Gassupporting

confidence: 94%

Detailed mapping of the mass and energy balance of a continuous biomass torrefaction plant

Kiel

Carbo

Nanou

2016

Biomass and Bioenergy

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“…The thermal degradation of organic material involves molecular deterioration as a result of overheating. The components of the chain backbone of the organic material begin to break (chain scission) and then gasification occurs at high temperatures [ 30 , 31 ]. In this study, the degree of surface functionalization of MWCNTs with various surface modifiers was estimated using TGA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Properties of Carbon Nanotube-Grafted Silica Nanoarchitecture-Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid)

Hsu

et al. 2017

Materials

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A novel nanoarchitecture-reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposite was prepared using multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-grafted silica nanohybrids as reinforcements. MWCNT-grafted silica nanohybrids were synthesized by the generation of silica nanoparticles on the MWCNT surface through the sol-gel technique. This synthetic method involves organo-modified MWCNTs that are dispersed in tetrahydrofuran, which incorporates tetraethoxysilane that undergoes an ultrasonic sol-gel process. Gelation yielded highly dispersed silica on the organo-modified MWCNTs. The structure and properties of the nanohybrids were established using 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance, Raman spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The resulting MWCNT nanoarchitectures were covalently assembled into silica nanoparticles, which exhibited specific and controllable morphologies and were used to reinforce biodegradable PLA. The tensile strength and the heat deflection temperature (HDT) of the PLA/MWCNT-grafted silica nanocomposites increased when the MWCNT-grafted silica was applied to the PLA matrix; by contrast, the surface resistivity of the PLA/MWCNT-grafted silica nanocomposites appeared to decline as the amount of MWCNT-grafted silica in the PLA matrix increased. Overall, the reinforcement of PLA using MWCNT-grafted silica nanoarchitectures was efficient and improved its mechanical properties, heat resistance, and electrical resistivity.

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“…A similar trend is seen while thermally treating lignocellulosic components. Moreover, the aromaticity of lignin is also increased during the thermal processing [5][6][7]10]. The reason is that the cleavage of β-O-4 linkages initiate when the thermal processing is done above 245 °C [13].…”

Section: Physico-chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HPLC includes the column oven, autosampler and pump as a unit; however, the function of each sub-unit (6) ODW s = (M a × % total solid) 100 .…”

Section: Chemical Treatment Of Pineconesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-chemical assessment of torrefied Eurasian pinecones

Dhaundiyal

Atsu

Tóth

2020

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Biomass pre-treatment is gaining attention as a standalone process to improve the qualitative aspect of the lignocellulosic material. It has been gaining ground in the power station by replacing the coal with the pre-treated biomass. In this context, this paper enlightens the operating condition of carrying out the torrefaction so that the process can be made relatively more effective. The influence of physico-chemical characteristics on the heat of reaction of pyrolysis reactions, mass loss and temperature regimes are evaluated by thermogravimetry of the pre-treated samples of the pinecone; whereas, the structural transformation in the basic constituents is determined via knowing the fractional change in cellulose, hemicellulose and acid-insoluble lignin contents of the pine cone. The thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were performed to determine the physical as well as the thermal behaviour of the thermally processed biomass. The samples had undergone thermal decomposition at heating rates of 5 °C min−1, 10 °C min−1 and 15 °C min−1. Nitrogen gas was used as a purge gas for the pyrolysis of the pre-treated samples. The volumetric rate of 200 ml min−1 was pre-set for the thermal decomposition of the samples at 600 °C; whereas, the selected torrefaction temperature range varied from 210 to 250 °C. Results The heat of reaction for the pre-treated samples was found to vary from 1.04 to 1.52 MJ kg−1; whereas, it was 0.91–1.54 MJ kg−1 for the raw samples. The total annual production cost of processing 3.6 Mg of fuel in a year at a pilot scale was $ 36.72; whereas, the fiscal burden per kilogram of fuel during thermal degradation of the processed fuel was reduced by 0.08–1.5ȼ. The entropy of the system decreased with an increasing ramp rate. The exergetic gain in the system increased by 1–2%. The loss of energy during the energy-intensive processing of the pre-treated fuel was relatively low at a heating rate of 5 °C min−1. Conclusion By the physico-chemical assessment, it was determined that pinecones required the highest torrefaction temperature and time to provide the upgraded pinecones. It was concluded that the duration of the torrefaction should be at least 15 min for a temperature of 250 °C so that the chemical exergy of the system, energy yield and the energy density of the processed material are qualitatively improved. The volatile and ash contents were noticed to decrease during the torrefaction process. The least fractional change in the volatile content was estimated at 210 °C for a torrefaction time of 15 min; whereas, the ash content was minimum at 210 °C for a torrefaction time of 5 min.

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TGA-FTIR Analysis of Torrefaction of Lignocellulosic Components (cellulose, xylan, lignin) in Isothermal Conditions over a Wide Range of Time Durations

Cited by 62 publications

References 27 publications

Detailed mapping of the mass and energy balance of a continuous biomass torrefaction plant

Detailed mapping of the mass and energy balance of a continuous biomass torrefaction plant

Synthesis and Properties of Carbon Nanotube-Grafted Silica Nanoarchitecture-Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid)

Physico-chemical assessment of torrefied Eurasian pinecones

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