Th17/Treg‑cell balance in the peripheral blood of pregnant females with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion receiving progesterone or cyclosporine A

Wang, Songcun; Li, Mengdie; Sun, Fang; Chen, Chunqin; Ye, Jiangfeng; Li, Da‐Jin; Qian, Jinfeng; Du, Meirong

doi:10.3892/etm.2020.9469

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The incidence of miscarriage is about 15-20%, and there is a trend of increasing year by year (Quenby et al, 2021). The etiology of miscarriage is closely related to environmental factors (Zhou et al, 2017), genetic factors (Pereza et al, 2017), body immune state (Wang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Genomic Copy Number Variation in Miscarriages During Early and Middle Pregnancy

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Genet.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the copy number variations (CNVs) associated with miscarriage during early and middle pregnancy and provide useful genetic guidance for pregnancy and prenatal diagnosis. A total of 505 fetal specimens were collected and CNV sequencing (CNV-seq) analysis was performed to determine the types and clinical significance of CNVs, and relevant medical records were collected. The chromosomal abnormality rate was 54.3% (274/505), among which the numerical chromosomal abnormality rate was 40.0% (202/505) and structural chromosomal abnormality rate was 14.3% (72/505). Chromosomal monosomy mainly occurred on sex chromosomes, and chromosomal trisomy mainly occurred on chromosomes 16, 22, 21, 15, 13, and 9. The incidence of numerical chromosomal abnormalities in ≥35 year-old age pregnant women was significantly higher than <35 year-old age group. The highest incidence of pathogenic CNV (pCNV) was found in fetuses at ≤6 weeks of pregnancy (5.26%), and the incidence of variants of unknown significance (VOUS) CNVs decreased gradually with the increase of gestational age. The rate of chromosomal abnormalities of fetuses in early pregnancy (59.5%) was higher than that of fetuses in middle pregnancy (27.2%) (p < 0.001). There were 168 genes in VOUS + pCNV regions. 41 functions and 12 pathways (p < 0.05) were enriched of these genes by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Some meaningful genetic etiology information such as genes and pathways has been obtained, it may provide useful genetic guidance for pregnancy and prenatal diagnosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Genomic Copy Number Variation in Miscarriages During Early and Middle Pregnancy

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Genet.

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“…They can also promote the percentage of T regulatory cells (Tregs) [ 164 ], and restrain the activity of natural killer cell (NK cell) [ 165 ]. Moreover, Cyclosporine A confirmly had an immunosuppressing role that reduces the percentage of Th17 cells and promotes Treg-cell dominance through altering the expression of co-inhibitory molecules in patients with RSA [ 166 ]. Moreover, progesterone is critical for the maintenance of pregnancy.…”

Section: Treatment Of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expression of HSD3β1, the key enzyme in the generation pathway of progesterone, was found to be declined in EVTs of patients suffering RSA, which implies the metabolism of progesterone is impaired in EVTs of female with miscarriages[ 160 ]. It was determined that progesterone had certain immunomodulatory effect via recovering the levels of different co-inhibitory molecules, containing T cell immunoglobulin mucin family member-3, cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated protein-4, in the management of RSA [ 166 ]. Of cause, the present researches are limited with studies being small, and lots of further experiments are needed.…”

Section: Treatment Of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Immune Cells in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

Zheng

Zhao

et al. 2021

Reprod. Sci.

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Recurrent spontaneous abortion affects approximately 1–2% of women of childbearing, and describes a condition in which women suffer from three or more continuous spontaneous miscarriages. However, the origin of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) remains unknown, preventing effective treatment and placing stress upon patients. It has been acknowledged that successful pregnancy necessitates balanced immune responses. Therefore, immunological aberrancy may be considered a root cause of poor pregnancy outcomes. Considerable published studies have investigated the relationship between various immune cells and RSA. Here, we review current knowledge on this area, and discuss the five main categories of immune cells involved in RSA; these include innate lymphocytes (ILC), macrophages, decidual dendritic cells (DCs), and T cells. Furthermore, we sought to summarize the impact of the multiple interactions of various immune cells on the emergence of RSA. A good understanding of pregnancy-induced immunological alterations could reveal new therapeutic strategies for favorable pregnancy outcomes.

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“…Progesterone plays an important role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in an endocrine and immunological manner, which mainly depends on affecting cytokine synthesis and the function of the NK cells 159,162 . It can also treat RSA by restoring several co‐inhibitory molecules, including Tim‐3, PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 163 . CsA is a useful immunosuppressant and is used to prevent allograft rejection.…”

Section: Immune Checkpoints In Reproductive Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 159 , 162 It can also treat RSA by restoring several co‐inhibitory molecules, including Tim‐3, PD‐1 and CTLA‐4. 163 CsA is a useful immunosuppressant and is used to prevent allograft rejection. In addition to regulating the trophoblast growth and invasion, 164 , 165 CsA also contributes to maintaining the immunity tolerance at the maternal‐foetal interface by upregulating the expression of CTLA‐4 and downregulating the levels of CD80, CD86 and CD28.…”

Section: Immune Checkpoints In Reproductive Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of the innate immune cells during pregnancy: An immune checkpoint perspective

Jin

2021

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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The foetus can be regarded as a half‐allograft implanted into the maternal body. In a successful pregnancy, the mother does not reject the foetus because of the immune tolerance mechanism at the maternal‐foetal interface. The innate immune cells are a large part of the decidual leukocytes contributing significantly to a successful pregnancy. Although the contributions have been recognized, their role in human pregnancy has not been completely elucidated. Additionally, the accumulated evidence demonstrates that the immune checkpoint molecules expressed on the immune cells are co‐inhibitory receptors regulating their activation and biological function. Therefore, it is critical to understand the immune microenvironment and explore the function of the innate immune cells during pregnancy. This review summarizes the classic immune checkpoints such as PD‐1, CTLA‐4 and some novel molecules recently identified, including TIM‐3, CD200, TIGIT and the Siglecs family on the decidual and peripheral innate immune cells during pregnancy. Furthermore, it emphasizes the role of the immune checkpoint molecules in pregnancy‐associated complications and reproductive immunotherapy.

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Th17/Treg‑cell balance in the peripheral blood of pregnant females with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion receiving progesterone or cyclosporine A

Cited by 19 publications

References 48 publications

Analysis of Genomic Copy Number Variation in Miscarriages During Early and Middle Pregnancy

Analysis of Genomic Copy Number Variation in Miscarriages During Early and Middle Pregnancy

The Role of Immune Cells in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

Regulation of the innate immune cells during pregnancy: An immune checkpoint perspective

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