“…Challenges: In practice, the existing blockchain technologies such as Ethereum, Corda, Fabric, and IBM are widely exploited for healthcare applications. However, many research challenges exist in the current blockchain technologies and their approaches to RPC socket architectures [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] for healthcare applications. (i) The existing client–server architecture based on socket RPC suffers from high processing costs for cloud computing.…”