Thalidomide-Damaged Babies

Whatley, Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(62)92955-0

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Several species of pipefish occur in fresh water (Grafflin 1937, Whatley 1962. Like the marine members of their family (Syngnathidae) they possess aglomerular kidneys (Grafflin 1937).…”

Section: Osmoregulation In Freshwater Fishesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Salinity Problems of Organisms in United States Coastal Areas Subject to the Effects of Engineering Works

Gunter

Ballard

Venkataramiah

1974

GCR

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The nongaseous substances that normally move in and out of cells are metabolites, water and salts. The common salts in water determine its salinity, and the definition of sea water salinity and its composition are discussed. The relationships of salinity to all phyla of animals living in the coastal waters are reviewed, with emphasis on the estuaries of the Gulf and Atlantic coasts of the United States, which are particularly influenced by coastal engineering works and changes of salinity caused thereby.The fauna of estuaries is made up of a few brackish water species which complete their life cycles there, marine species which spend only a part of their life cycles there and which have definite low-salinity limits, a few anadromous species passing through, and a few fresh water species with high salinity limits. Organisms of marine origin are dominant. Floods and drought periods, resulting in severe osmotic changes, may kill organisms or result in drastic changes of the biota, which may take extended time to reestablish itself, if the conditions return to normal.Many invertebrate animals have few mechanisms for controlling the movement of waters and salts across their external membranes and thus are osmotic conformers. Species that cannot withstand wide salinity change are said to be stenohaline, but many species can tolerate rather wide changes; they have broad tolerance at a cellular level. Osmoregulators exhibit considerable control of their internal salinity by excretory mechanisms and permeability control of the body surface to water and salts. In general, the worms and molluscs are more often osmoconformers than the crustaceans, the latter having greater control over their internal osmotic environment than other invertebrate groups. Effects upon different stages of life history are different, but in general the limiting effects of salinity and other environmental factors bear upon the reproductive stages or the young. The limits of salinities are nearly always on the lower side with regard to estuarine organisms. Aside from osmotic adjustments, animals react to salinity changes by closing their shells, closing their burrows, burying in the bottom where interstitial water has higher salinity, or motile forms simply move out. In spite of these adjustments, none may be successful during large floods.The salinity relationships of all phyla are reviewed, even though some of them are unimportant parts of the marine populations. Dinoflagellate Protozoa which cause red tides 'This paper is modified from a report that was prepared by the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory under Contract No. DACW39-72C-0003 with the U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) and Contract No. DACW73-70-C-0004 with the Department of the Army, Office of the Chief of Engineers (OCE) (Gunter, Ballard and Venkataramiah 1973). Preparation of that state-of-knowledge summary was initiated on the recommendation of the W E Estuarine Ecological Consultants Board in an Interim Report entitled "Effects of Engineering Activities o...

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“…Several species of pipefish occur in fresh water (Grafflin 1937, Whatley 1962. Like the marine members of their family (Syngnathidae) they possess aglomerular kidneys (Grafflin 1937).…”

Section: Osmoregulation In Freshwater Fishesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Salinity Problems of Organisms in United States Coastal Areas Subject to the Effects of Engineering Works

Gunter

Ballard

Venkataramiah

1974

GCR

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“…1), a hypnotic/sedative agent, was withdrawn from the market in 1961-1962, because it presented severe teratogenicity. [1][2][3] However, in recent years, this drug has attracted growing interest due to its potential usefulness for the treatment of various diseases, including leprosy, immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), multiple myeloma, various kinds of cancers and other angiogenesis-dependent disorders. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] In July 1998 thalidomide was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under critical control as a treatment for the erythema nodosum leprosum, an inflammatory complication of Leprosy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thalidomide Analogs from Diamines: Synthesis and Evaluation as Inhibitors of TNF-.ALPHA. Production

Almeida

Teixeira

Souza

et al. 2007

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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Fourteen thalidomide analogs bearing two phthalimido units were prepared in high yields (83-94%) by condensation of different diamines with phthalic or 3-nitrophthalic anhydride. An in vitro investigation of the compounds as inhibitors of the TNF-alpha production was performed. The inhibition was higher for compounds bearing amino and nitro groups and was modulated by increasing the size of the spacers between the phthalimide groups.

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Thalidomide: Part 2

1962

The Lancet

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Thalidomide-Damaged Babies

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

A Review of Salinity Problems of Organisms in United States Coastal Areas Subject to the Effects of Engineering Works

A Review of Salinity Problems of Organisms in United States Coastal Areas Subject to the Effects of Engineering Works

Thalidomide Analogs from Diamines: Synthesis and Evaluation as Inhibitors of TNF-.ALPHA. Production

Thalidomide: Part 2

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