Thallium toxicity

Galván‐Arzate, Sonia; Santamarı́a, Abel

doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00126-x

Cited by 253 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Two scientists, William Crookes and ClaudeAuguste Lamy independently discovered thallium by fl ame spectroscopy (11). At that time, this was a new improved method to make spectroscopic determinations of minerals.…”

Section: Physical and Chemical Properties Of Thalliummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An exception are underdeveloped countries where thallium is still in use. The WHO recommendation against its use dates from 1973 (27).…”

Section: Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thallium-arsenic-selenium crystals are essential in fi lters for light diffraction in acousto-optic measuring devices. Thallium is used in an alloy with mercury to measure low temperatures (26)(27)(28). Other uses include an additive in glass to increase its refractive index and density, a catalyst or intermediate in the synthesis of organic compounds, and a component in high-density liquids for sink-fl oat separation of minerals.…”

Section: Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thallium Toxicity in Humans

Cvjetko

Pavlica

2010

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

171

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Thallium is a naturally occurring trace element, widely distributed in the earth's crust, but at very low concentrations. It does not have a known biological use and does not appear to be an essential element for life. It has been considered one of the most toxic heavy metals. Occasionally, there are reports on thallium poisoning as results of suicide or murder attempt or accident. The main threat to humans is through occupational exposure, environmental contamination, and accumulation in food, mainly in vegetables grown on contaminated soil. Increasing use in emerging new technologies and demanding high-tech industry constantly raise concern about exposure risk to all living organisms. Thallium is considered a cumulative poison that can cause adverse health effects and degenerative changes in many organs. The effects are the most severe in the nervous system. The exact mechanism of thallium toxicity still remains unknown, although impaired glutathione metabolism, oxidative stress, and disruption of potassium-regulated homeostasis may play a role. The lack of data about mutagenic, carcinogenic, or teratogenic effects of thallium compounds in humans calls for further research.

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Section: Physical and Chemical Properties Of Thalliummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An exception are underdeveloped countries where thallium is still in use. The WHO recommendation against its use dates from 1973 (27).…”

Section: Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thallium Toxicity in Humans

Cvjetko

Pavlica

2010

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

171

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“…Thallium appears in two oxidation states; Tl (І) which is highly soluble in aqueous environments and resembles alkali metals and Tl (III) which is more stable forming complexes with sulphates, chlorides, carbonates and nitrates [5][6][7]. Thallium deposits are generally scarcely distributed worldwide with many industrial applications such as catalyst for making certain alloys, molecular probes, thermometers, acusto-optical equipment, optical glass with refractive index, imitation jewellery, scintillation counters, and super-conductivity in ceramic compounds [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adsorption potential and recovery of thallium using green micro-algae from eutrophic water sources

Birungi

Chirwa

2015

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Thallium (Tl) is a highly volatile and toxic heavy metal regarded to cause pollution even at very low concentrations of several parts per million. Despite the extremely high risk of Tl in the environment, limited information on removal/recovery exists. The study focussed on the use of green algae to determine the sorption potential and recovery of Tl. From the study, removal efficiency was achieved at 100% for lower concentrations of ≥ 150 mg/L of Tl. At higher concentrations in a range of 250-500 mg/L, the performance of algae was still higher with sorption capacity ( max q ) between 830 and 1000 mg/g. Generally, Chlorella vulgaris was the best adsorbent with a high max q and lower affinity of 1000 mg/g and 1.11 L/g respectively. When compared to other studies on Tl adsorption, the tested algae showed a better max q than most adsorbents. The kinetic studies showed better correlation co-efficient of ≤ 0.99 for Pseudo-second order model than the first order model. Recovery was achieved highest for Chlorella vulgaris using nitric acid at 93.3%. The strongest functional groups responsible for Tl binding on the algal cell wall were carboxyl and phenols. Green algae from freshwater bodies showed significant potential for Tl removal/recovery from industrial wastewater.

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“…8,9 Part of the reason for thallium's high toxicity is that Tl + shares similarities in ionic charge and crystal radius with K + ; it can thus occupy certain K + binding sites, and it can also interact with sulfydryl groups at the mitochondrial membrane. 10 Recently it has been found that Tl 3+ interferes with glutathione metabolism 11 and alters the physical properties of the liposome membrane, following the order Tl…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Inorganic Thallium Compounds in the Particulate Matter of Emissions and Workplace Air by Sequential Dissolution

et al. 2009

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Inorganic thallium compounds in the atmospheric particulate matter of emissions and in the workplace air of specific industrial production can be determined through selective sequential extractions: Tl(I) is separated from Tl(0) and Tl(III) in the first step, Tl(0) in the second one, while in the final extraction both Tl(III) soluble and insoluble compounds are determined. The procedure has been tested on 1633a Coal Fly Ash standard reference material. The thallium recovery was in the range 91 -98%.

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Thallium toxicity

Cited by 253 publications

References 51 publications

Thallium Toxicity in Humans

Thallium Toxicity in Humans

The adsorption potential and recovery of thallium using green micro-algae from eutrophic water sources

Determination of Inorganic Thallium Compounds in the Particulate Matter of Emissions and Workplace Air by Sequential Dissolution

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