The 14-3-3 Proteins <i>μ</i> and <i>υ</i> Influence Transition to Flowering and Early Phytochrome Response

Mayfield, John D.; Folta, Kevin M.; Paul, Anna‐Lisa; Ferl, Robert J.

doi:10.1104/pp.107.108654

Cited by 101 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…While high redundancy among 14-3-3 isoforms can present a major obstacle to study the function of individual isoforms, a defined subset display defects in specific processes, such as the regulation of stomatal opening, flowering time, and phytochrome signaling in Arabidopsis (Mayfield et al, 2007(Mayfield et al, , 2012Folta et al, 2008;Purwestri et al, 2009;Tseng et al, 2012). The identification of the specific 14-3-3 isoforms that play roles in ethylene biosynthesis is an important The ETO1/EOL E3 ligases target the type-2 ACS proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome, and 14-3-3 increases degradation of the ETO1/ EOLs via promotion of the ubiquitination of ETO1/EOLs, thus stabilizing these ACS proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are 13 functional 14-3-3 genes in Arabidopsis, and they have been shown to act in multiple physiological processes (Chevalier et al, 2009;Oecking and Jaspert, 2009;Denison et al, 2011), including brassinosteroid signaling (Gampala et al, 2007;Ryu et al, 2007), the regulation of flowering time (Mayfield et al, 2007;Purwestri et al, 2009), the regulation of activity of nitrate reductase (Huber et al, 2002), light signaling (Mayfield et al, 2007), and nutrient acquisition (Xu et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2013). In animals, 14-3-3s have a wellestablished role in regulating the turnover of a variety of proteins (Dougherty and Morrison, 2004), though there are relatively few reports of such a function in plants (Weiner and Kaiser, 1999;Nakashima et al, 2007;Oh et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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14-3-3 Regulates 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase Protein Turnover in Arabidopsis

2013

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14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved phospho-specific binding proteins involved in diverse physiological processes. Plants have large 14-3-3 gene families, and many binding partners have been identified, though relatively few functions have been defined. Here, we demonstrate that 14-3-3 proteins interact with multiple 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) isoforms in Arabidopsis thaliana. ACS catalyzes the generally rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of the phytohormone ethylene. This interaction increases the stability of the ACS proteins. 14-3-3s also interact with the ETHYLENE-OVERPRODUCER1 (ETO1)/ETO1-LIKE (EOLs), a group of three functionally redundant proteins that are components of a CULLIN-3 E3 ubiquitin ligase that target a subset of the ACS proteins for rapid degradation by the 26S proteasome. In contrast with ACS, the interaction with 14-3-3 destabilizes the ETO1/EOLs. The level of the ETO1/EOLs in vivo plays a role in mediating ACS protein turnover, with increased levels leading to a decrease in ACS protein levels. These studies demonstrate that regulation of ethylene biosynthesis occurs by a mechanism in which 14-3-3 proteins act through a direct interaction and stabilization of ACS and through decreasing the abundance of the ubiquitin ligases that target a subset of ACS proteins for degradation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

14-3-3 Regulates 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase Protein Turnover in Arabidopsis

2013

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“…It is not uncommon to observe incomplete complementation even when using a native promoter and gene. Recent examples include complementation of stress marker gene expression in a cpk21 mutant (Franz et al 2011), camalexin biosynthesis in a wrky33 mutant (Mao et al 2011) and development stage at Xowering in a 14-3-3 mutant (MayWeld et al 2007). Ullah et al (2003) demonstrated that etiolated agb1-2 hypocotyls were shorter with a smaller apical hook angle than wild-type controls, due to defects in cell division which resulted in fewer numbers of cells.…”

Section: Complementation Of Morphological Phenotypes By Mutated Agb1 mentioning

confidence: 99%

Site-directed mutagenesis of the Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G protein β subunit suggests divergent mechanisms of effector activation between plant and animal G proteins

Chakravorty

Trusov

Botella

2011

Planta

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Heterotrimeric G proteins are integral components of signal transduction in humans and other mammals and have been therefore extensively studied. However, while they are known to mediate many processes, much less is currently known about the effector pathways and molecular mechanisms used by these proteins to regulate effectors in plants. We designed a complementation strategy to study G protein signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana, particularly the mechanism of action of AGB1, the sole identified β subunit. We used biochemical and effector regulation data from human G protein studies to identify four potentially important residues for site-directed mutagenesis (T65, M111, D250 and W361 of AGB1). Each residue was individually mutated and the resulting mutated protein introduced in the agb1-2 mutant background under the control of the native AGB1 promoter. Interestingly, even though these mutations have been shown to have profound effects on effector signaling in humans, all the mutated subunits were able to restore thirteen of the fifteen Gβ-deficient phenotypes characterized in this study. Only one mutated protein, T65A was unable to complement the hypersensitivity to mannitol during germination observed in agb1 mutants; while only D250A failed to restore lateral root numbers in the agb1 mutant to wild-type levels. Our results suggest that the mechanisms used in mammalian G protein signaling are not well conserved in plant G protein signaling, and that either the effectors used by plant G proteins, or the mechanisms used to activate them, are at least partially divergent from the well-studied mammalian G proteins.

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“…The phyA and phyB mutants were previously characterized. 56,57 Bc, Rc and FRc light sources were described previously in reference 40. FR fluence rates were measured with a StellarNet EPP2000 spectroradiometer (Apogee Instruments, Logan, UT).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue- and isoform-specific phytochrome regulation of light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Warnasooriya

Porter

Montgomery

2011

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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The 14-3-3 Proteins μ and υ Influence Transition to Flowering and Early Phytochrome Response

Cited by 101 publications

References 58 publications

14-3-3 Regulates 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase Protein Turnover in Arabidopsis

14-3-3 Regulates 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase Protein Turnover in Arabidopsis

Site-directed mutagenesis of the Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G protein β subunit suggests divergent mechanisms of effector activation between plant and animal G proteins

Tissue- and isoform-specific phytochrome regulation of light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

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