In the late Miocene, terrestrial environments and ecosystems have undergone tremendous changes due to the presumed decline of atmospheric CO 2 between 8 and 6 Ma (Beerling and Royer, 2011;Bolton & stoll, 2013). This period has seen the replacement of large areas of tropical and subtropical forests by deserts (such as Sahara Deserts) and the expansion of C4 grassland (Cerling et al., 1997;Huang et al., 2007;Schuster et al., 2006). The large restructuring of vegetation and landscape coincided with major turnovers in animal communities (Badgley et al., 2008). However, those continental environmental upheavals do not bring direct information on the temperature change during the late Miocene (Herbert et al., 2016). The marine isotope record younger than the middle Miocene is characterized by periodic anomalies of the Antarctic ice volume that have been shown to be probably driven by obliquity in marine sequences from the peri-Antarctic margin (Naish et al., 2009). No clear trend suggests a long-term climatic change during the late Miocene (Lewis et al., 2008;Westerhold et al., 2020;Zachos et al., 2001). Recently, the integration of marine sea-surface temperature (SST) made it possible to estimate the evolution of global temperature during the Miocene (Herbert et al., 2016;LaRiviere et al., 2012). The late Miocene cooling did not lead monotonically to the ice age in the northern hemisphere that prevailed through