The 1992 Sanriku-Oki, Japan, Ultra-Slow Earthquake.

Kawasaki, Ichiro; Asai, Yasuhiro; Tamura, Yoshiaki; Sagiya, Takeshi; Mikami, Naoya; Okada, Yoshimitsu; Sakata, Masaharu; Kasahara, Minoru

doi:10.4294/jpe1952.43.105

Cited by 117 publications

(104 citation statements)

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“…5b). Although these events occurred prior to the establishment of the GEONET continuous GPS network in Japan, significant postseismic deformation following each was observed in extensometer data [Miura et al, 1993;Kawasaki et al, 1995Kawasaki et al, , 2001. Despite the 1989 earthquake having a larger magnitude than the 1992 earthquake, slightly more aseismic moment release occurred for the second event [Kawasaki et al, 1995[Kawasaki et al, , 2001, which agrees well with the relative sizes of the stressing rate peaks we obtain for these two events.…”

Section: Afterslip Of the 1989 M71 And 1992 M69 Sanriku-oki Earthqusupporting

confidence: 78%

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Controls on earthquake rupture and triggering mechanisms in subduction zones

Llenos¹

2010

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Large earthquake rupture and triggering mechanisms that drive seismicity in subduction zones are investigated in this thesis using a combination of earthquake observations, statistical and physical modeling.A comparison of the rupture characteristics of 7.5 M ≥ earthquakes with fore-arc geological structure suggests that long-lived frictional heterogeneities (asperities) are primary controls on the rupture extent of large earthquakes. To determine when and where stress is accumulating on the megathrust that could cause one of these asperities to rupture, this thesis develops a new method to invert earthquake catalogs to detect space-time variations in stressing rate. This algorithm is based on observations that strain transients due to aseismic processes such as fluid flow, slow slip, and afterslip trigger seismicity, often in the form of earthquake swarms. These swarms are modeled with two common approaches for investigating time-dependent driving mechanisms in earthquake catalogs: the stochastic Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence model and the physically-based ratestate friction model . These approaches are combined into a single model that accounts for both aftershock activity and variations in background seismicity rate due to aseismic processes, which is then implemented in a data assimilation algorithm to invert catalogs for space-time variations in stressing rate. The technique is evaluated with a synthetic test and applied to catalogs from the Salton Trough in southern California and the Hokkaido corner in northeastern Japan. The results demonstrate that the algorithm can successfully identify aseismic transients in a multi-decade earthquake catalog, and may also ultimately be useful for mapping spatial variations in frictional conditions on the plate interface. AcknowledgmentsThis thesis would not have been possible without the help and support of many, many people over the past six years, only a few of whom can be listed here. First and foremost, my deepest thanks go to my advisor Jeff McGuire, for all his time, support, confidence, patience, tolerance and nudging when I needed it. I have learned a tremendous amount from him and look forward to continuing to do so throughout the rest of my scientific career. I am also grateful for the help and insights provided by my thesis committee: Jian Lin, Rob Reves-Sohn, and Brad Hager, and thank Greg Hirth for chairing my defense. I would also like to thank current and former members of G&G and the EAPS Geophysics group, especially Laurent Montési, Mark Behn, Dan Lizarralde, Stéphane Rondenay and Brian Evans. I learned a lot from my various interactions with them in seminars, classes, projects, casual chats, and field trips. I'm also grateful for my fellow JP G&G and EAPS students, and in particular my group-mate, Emily Roland.I have benefited a great deal from working with Yosihiko Ogata and Jiancang Zhuang at the Institute of Statistical Mathematics in Tokyo, Japan, who taught me a lot about the ETAS model and were gracious hosts during my two visits ...

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Section: Afterslip Of the 1989 M71 And 1992 M69 Sanriku-oki Earthqusupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Afterslip was observed geodetically following the 4 major interplate thrust events that occurred in this catalog (1989 M7.1, 1992 M6.9, 1994 M7.6, and 2003 M8.0) [e.g., Miura et al, 1993;Kawasaki et al, 1995;Heki et al, 1997;. I show that seismicity rate anomalies relative to ETAS following these events can be detected from the earthquake catalog alone.…”

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confidence: 99%

Controls on earthquake rupture and triggering mechanisms in subduction zones

Llenos¹

2010

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“…There have previously been numerous studies on aseismic events: e.g., Pelayo and Wiens (1992) and Kanamori and Kikuchi (1993) from anomalous excitation of long period seismic waves, Beroza and Jordan (1990) from free oscillations and Linde et al (1988) and Kawasaki et al (1995) from continuous recordings of crustal strains and tilts. Recently, there were new findings of silent earthquakes with GPS data in the Cascadia (e.g., Dragert et al, 2001), Alaskan (e.g., Freymueller et al, 2002) and Mexican (e.g., Lowry et al, 2001) subduction zones.…”

Section: Spatial Distribution Of Silent Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silent earthquakes occurring in a stable-unstable transition zone and implications for earthquake prediction

Kawasaki

2014

Earth Planet Sp

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In the past decade, nine silent earthquakes were documented along the Nankai and the Sagami Troughs in Japan, which form the northwestern margin of the Philippine Sea plate. They occurred in the stable-unstable transition zone at depths of around 30 km on the subduction interface and were segregated from major asperities of the 1923 Kanto, the 1944 Tonankai and the 1946 Nankai earthquakes. Their equivalent magnitudes were less than 7 and overall slips were less than 0.2 m, one-order smaller than those of the major asperities of ordinary great earthquakes. Moment release rates of the silent earthquakes were less than 10 14 Nm/s, five-orders smaller than 10 19 Nm/s of the great earthquakes. Two methodologies are attempted to obtain order of magnitude estimates of the roughness and friction parameter of source areas of some of the silent earthquakes. One method compares observed waveforms to synthetics with an empirical source time function based on laboratory experiment. The other relates sizes of silent earthquakes to the friction parameter a-b.

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“…[2] Observations in Japan and California have proved the existence of faulting processes other than creeping (almost continuous slip without stress buildup) and regular earthquakes (sudden release of accumulated stress) [e.g., Sacks et al, 1978;Gladwin et al, 1994;Kawasaki et al, 1995;Linde et al, 1996]. These phenomena, known as slow earthquakes, have characteristic time scales ranging from tens of seconds to days, and release accumulated stress too slowly to produce seismic waves recordable by seismometers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow rupture of an aseismic fault in a seismogenic region of Central Italy

Amoruso

Crescentini

Morelli

et al. 2002

Geophysical Research Letters

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Slow earthquakes and afterslips prove that the Earth does not have just two response time scales, i.e. that of tectonic loading and that of regular earthquakes. A swarm of slow earthquakes, with time constants of the order of hundreds of seconds, has been detected by a laser interferometer below the Gran Sasso massif (Italy). We analyse and model these observations to identify a very plausible source in a local fault, with no historic seismic behavior. While slow earthquakes occurring in subduction zones, and at the transition between locked and stably sliding segments of the San Andreas fault, are often associated with seismic events, in the case of the Apennines there is no correlation between local seismicity and slow earthquakes. Slow earthquakes, therefore, may also represent a specific failure behavior for a seismically locked fault, adding further complexity to the interpretation of geologic data for seismic hazard estimates.

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The 1992 Sanriku-Oki, Japan, Ultra-Slow Earthquake.

Cited by 117 publications

References 10 publications

Controls on earthquake rupture and triggering mechanisms in subduction zones

Controls on earthquake rupture and triggering mechanisms in subduction zones

Silent earthquakes occurring in a stable-unstable transition zone and implications for earthquake prediction

Slow rupture of an aseismic fault in a seismogenic region of Central Italy

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