The 2011 Japan tsunami current velocity measurements from survivor videos at Kesennuma Bay using LiDAR

Fritz, Hermann M.; Phillips, David A.; Okayasu, Akio; Shimozono, Takenori; Liu, Haijiang; Mohammed, F.; Skanavis, Vassilios; Synolakis, Costas E.; Takahashi, Tomoyuki

doi:10.1029/2011gl050686

Cited by 220 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…minimum) values, and flow speeds at this study site most probably exceeded 8.9 m s −1 but remained below 9.6 m s −1 . Calculated flow velocities for these clasts are thus in the range of or even higher than those in-S. M. May et al: Boulder transport during Supertyphoon Haiyan ferred for recent major tsunamis at the coast (Fritz et al, 2006(Fritz et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Boulder Transport and Flow Velocities Inferred By Inverse Momentioning

confidence: 83%

Block and boulder transport in Eastern Samar (Philippines) during Supertyphoon Haiyan

May¹,

Engel²,

Brill³

et al. 2015

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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Abstract. Fields of dislodged boulders and blocks record catastrophic coastal flooding during strong storms or tsunamis and play a pivotal role in coastal hazard assessment. Along the rocky carbonate coast of Eastern Samar (Philippines) we documented longshore transport of a block of 180 t and boulders (up to 23.5 t) shifted upslope to elevations of up to 10 m above mean lower low water level during Supertyphoon Haiyan on 8 November 2013. Initiation-of-motion approaches indicate that boulder dislocation occurred with flow velocities of 8.9-9.6 m s −1 , which significantly exceeds depth-averaged flow velocities of a local coupled hydrodynamic and wave model (Delft3D) of the typhoon with a maximum < 1.5 m s −1 . These results, in combination with recently published phase-resolving wave models, support the hypothesis that infragravity waves induced by the typhoon were responsible for the remarkable flooding pattern in Eastern Samar, which are not resolved in phase-averaged storm surge models. Our findings show that tsunamis and hydrodynamic conditions induced by tropical cyclones may shift boulders of similar size and, therefore, demand a careful re-evaluation of storm-related transport where it, based on the boulder's sheer size, has previously been ascribed to tsunamis.

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Section: Boulder Transport and Flow Velocities Inferred By Inverse Momentioning

confidence: 83%

Block and boulder transport in Eastern Samar (Philippines) during Supertyphoon Haiyan

May¹,

Engel²,

Brill³

et al. 2015

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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“…Hydrographs are routinely used in flood management to predict the times and maximum water depths at specific on-land or river locations after large storms. Fritz et al [124] did extensive measurements using lidar, and then with high-end particle tracking methodologies, they analysed eyewitness Figure 4. Hydrograph measurements using lidar, and then with high-end particle tracking methodologies, near a surviving coast guard building during the 2011 Japan tsunami.…”

Section: Paradigm Changes Since 2011 In Japan and Elsewherementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrograph measurements using lidar, and then with high-end particle tracking methodologies, near a surviving coast guard building during the 2011 Japan tsunami. Adapted from Fritz et al [124].…”

Section: Paradigm Changes Since 2011 In Japan and Elsewherementioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunamis: bridging science, engineering and society

Kânoğlu

Titov

Bernard

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Tsunamis are high-impact, long-duration disasters that in most cases allow for only minutes of warning before impact. Since the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami, there have been significant advancements in warning methodology, pre-disaster preparedness and basic understanding of related phenomena. Yet, the trail of destruction of the 2011 Japan tsunami, broadcast live to a stunned world audience, underscored the difficulties of implementing advances in applied hazard mitigation. We describe state of the art methodologies, standards for warnings and summarize recent advances in basic understanding, and identify cross-disciplinary challenges. The stage is set to bridge science, engineering and society to help build up coastal resilience and reduce losses.

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“…One of those is "large-scale particle image velocimetry" (LS-PIV), which detects certain contrasts at the water surface (passive remote sensing) [9,10]. However, it is still difficult to set up at night [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flash Flood Monitoring with an Inclined Lidar Installed at a River Bank: Proof of Concept

Tamari

Guerrero-Meza²

2016

Remote Sensing

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Flash floods need to be monitored from a safe place, ideally with noncontact instruments installed at a riverbank and oriented so that they look obliquely at the water surface. The “inclined Lidar” technique could be useful for this purpose. It works based on the fact that a near-infrared Lidar mounted with a large incidence angle can detect suspended particles slightly below the surface, provided that the water is very turbid, something which is likely during flash floods. To check this hypothesis, an inexpensive “time of flight” (TOF) Lidar was installed during a rainy season at the Amacuzac River (Mexico), which was usually found to be extremely turbid (Secchi depth < 0.5 m). Under these circumstances, the Lidar had no difficulty detecting the water (sub) surface. Converting the measured distances into stage estimates through a simple (one point) calibration resulted in reasonable agreement with reference data (within ±0.08 m (p = 0.95) and always <0.5 m), especially during the passing of a flash flood. This is the first evidence that an inclined (TOF) Lidar can be used to monitor the stage during a flash flood. Indirectly, it also shows that a (Doppler) Lidar could be used to monitor water velocity during this type of event.

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The 2011 Japan tsunami current velocity measurements from survivor videos at Kesennuma Bay using LiDAR

Cited by 220 publications

References 23 publications

Block and boulder transport in Eastern Samar (Philippines) during Supertyphoon Haiyan

Block and boulder transport in Eastern Samar (Philippines) during Supertyphoon Haiyan

Tsunamis: bridging science, engineering and society

Flash Flood Monitoring with an Inclined Lidar Installed at a River Bank: Proof of Concept

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