The 2012 Olympic Badminton Scandal: Match-Fixing, Code of Conduct Documents, and Women’s Sport

A Scoping Review of the Causes and Consequences of Fraud in Sport

“…Given that a likely offender can be “anybody who for any reason might commit a crime” (Clarke & Felson, 1993, p.2), we will look at the reasons behind the decisions of a number of sport actors to participate in betting-related competition manipulation. According to the literature, the individuals that initiate and perform the fixing of (parts of) a sport contest (e.g., athletes, referees, coaches, and clubs) are mainly looking for financial benefits (Agur, 2015; Aquilina, 2018; Bricknell, 2015; Forrest, 2012; Manoli et al, 2019; Peurala, 2013). In the case of athletes (and referees), this might be especially motivated by low or unpaid salaries (see for instance: Banks, 2017; Campman, 2019; Hill, 2014; Serby, 2015; Spapens & Olfers, 2015), and the relative disparity between their salary and the high liquidities involved in the betting sector (Hill et al, 2020).…”

“…This is, for instance, the case for Australian football competitions. There, winning less than five games in a season qualifies clubs to draft pick new players for the next season with priority (Bricknell, 2015). A similar rule applies in some basketball leagues (Brooks et al, 2013).…”

“…Lastly, tanking is the purposive loss of one or multiple games at the end of a season in order to be better positioned for the drafts of the next season. In certain leagues, the lower a team is positioned at the end of the season, the better position they get to draft new incoming players for the next season (Bricknell, 2015). Bribery, managerial corruption, and financial crimes mainly take place off-field and in more organizational and administrative contexts.…”

Striking the Balance: The Portrayal of Male and Female Athletes on NBC’s Primetime Television Broadcast of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games

“…Modern day media coverage of female Olympians does not always fit into easily identifiable patterns. Blair (2018) noted international media coverage of the Chinese women’s badminton match-fixing scandal at the 2012 Games did not focus on the sex of the athletes or engage in gendered discourse or descriptors, other than for purposes of identifying which teams were involved. In an examination of media coverage surrounding three female medal winning Olympians—Nicola Adams, Charlotte Dujardin, and Jessica Ennis-Hill—at the 2016 Rio Games, Dashper (2018) observed the British print media presented all three women in positive fashions and lauded their athleticism and successes, while also arguing this media coverage had an “ambivalent” quality to it, with “narrow frameworks for understanding female athleticism” (p. 13).…”