The 2016 Kaikōura, New Zealand, Earthquake: Preliminary Seismological Report

Kaiser, Anna; Balfour, N.; Fry, Bill; Holden, Caroline; Litchfield, Nicola; Gerstenberger, Matt; D’Anastasio, E.; Horspool, Nick; McVerry, Graeme H.; Ristau, John; Bannister, Stephen; Christophersen, Annemarie; Clark, Kate; Power, William; Rhoades, David A.; Massey, Chris; Hamling, I. J.; Wallace, Laura; Mountjoy, Joshu; Kaneko, Yoshihiro; Benites, Rafael; Houtte, Chris Van; Dellow, Sally; Wotherspoon, Liam; Elwood, Kenneth J.; Gledhill, Ken

doi:10.1785/0220170018

Cited by 193 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Recent earthquake-induced landslide datasets to be imported include the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (Massey et al 2014), Eketahuna (Rosser et al 2014), Wilberforce (Carey and Rosser 2015), Cook Strait and Lake Grassmere (Van Dissen et al 2013) earthquakes. A landslide inventory (>10,000 landslides) is currently being mapped for the M7.8 Kaikoura earthquake (Kaiser et al 2017). Other datasets include Dunedin City landslides (Glassey and Smith Lyttle 2012) and rainfall-induced landslide datasets from storms affecting Hawke's Bay (Jones et al 2011) and Kapiti (Page and Rosser 2015).…”

Section: Data Sources For the New Zealand Landslide Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

New Zealand’s National Landslide Database

et al. 2017

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A New Zealand Landslide Database has been developed to hold all of New Zealand's landslide data and provide factual data for use in landslide hazard and risk assessment, including a probabilistic landslide hazard model for New Zealand, which is currently being developed by GNS Science. Design of a national Landslide Database for New Zealand required consideration of existing landslide data stored in a variety of digital formats and future data yet to be collected. Pre-existing landslide datasets were developed and populated with data reflecting the needs of the landslide or hazard project, and the database structures of the time. Bringing these data into a single database required a new structure capable of containing landslide information at a variety of scales and accuracy, with many different attributes. A unified data model was developed to enable the landslide database to be a repository for New Zealand landslides, irrespective of scale and method of capture. Along with landslide locations, the database may contain information on the timing of landslide events, the type of landslide, the triggering event, volume and area data, and impacts (consequences) for each landslide when this information is available. Information from contributing datasets include a variety of sources including aerial photograph interpretation, field reconnaissance and media accounts. There are currently 22,575 landslide records in the database that include point locations, polygons of landslide source and deposit areas, and linear landslide features. Access to all landslide data is provided with a web application accessible via the Internet. This web application has been developed in-house and is based on open-source software such as the underlying relational database (PostGIS) and the map generating Web Map Server (GeoServer). Future work is to develop automated data-upload routines and mobile applications to allow people to report landslides, adopting a consistent framework.

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Section: Data Sources For the New Zealand Landslide Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

New Zealand’s National Landslide Database

et al. 2017

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“…Rupturing began on a fault near the small town of Waiau in North Canterbury [14], south-west and inland of the coastal community of Kaikōura, a popular tourism destination (Figure 1). The quake was shallow-approximately 15 km deep-but fast, the fault rupturing at a speed of 1.8 km/s (6450 km/h) [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two minutes of intense shaking were followed by four aftershocks exceeding Mw 6.0 [17]. Landslides were widespread (estimated between 80,000 and 100,000 separate slips) [14]. The coastline was physically transformed, the seabed rising approximately two metres, stranding some assets including boat launches (Figure 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformations for Resilient Rural Futures: The Case of Kaikōura, Aotearoa-New Zealand

2018

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On 14 November 2016, a magnitude (M w ) 7.8 earthquake struck the small coastal settlement of Kaikōura, Aotearoa-New Zealand. With an economy based on tourism, agriculture, and fishing, Kaikōura was immediately faced with significant logistical, economic, and social challenges caused by damage to critical infrastructure and lifelines, essential to its main industries. Massive landslips cut off road and rail access, stranding hundreds of tourists, and halting the collection, processing and distribution of agricultural products. At the coast, the seabed rose two metres, limiting harbour-access to high tide, with implications for whale watching tours and commercial fisheries. Throughout the region there was significant damage to homes, businesses, and farmland, leaving owners and residents facing an uncertain future. This paper uses qualitative case study analysis to explore post-quake transformations in a rural context. The aim is to gain insight into the distinctive dynamics of disaster response mechanisms, focusing on two initiatives that have emerged in direct response to the disaster. The first examines the ways in which agriculture, food harvesting, production and distribution are being reimagined with the potential to enhance regional food security. The second examines the rescaling of power in decision-making processes following the disaster, specifically examining the ways in which rural actors are leveraging networks to meet their needs and the consequences of that repositioning on rural (and national) governance arrangements. In these and other ways, the local economy is being revitalised, and regional resilience enhanced through diversification, capitalising not on the disaster but the region's natural, social, and cultural capital. Drawing on insights and experience of local stakeholders, policy-and decision-makers, and community representatives we highlight the diverse ways in which these endeavours are an attempt to create something new, revealing also the barriers which needed to be overcome to reshape local livelihoods. Results reveal that the process of transformation as part of rural recovery must be grounded in the lived reality of local residents and their understanding of place, incorporating and building on regional social, environmental, and economic characteristics. In this, the need to respond rapidly to realise opportunities must be balanced with the community-centric approach, with greater recognition given to the contested nature of the decisions to be made. Insights from the case examples can inform preparedness and recovery planning elsewhere, and provide a rich, real-time example of the ways in which disasters can create opportunities for reimagining resilient futures.

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“…The M w 7.8 November 13, 2016 Kaikoura earthquake resulted from a complex multifault rupture (Hamling et al, 2017) that initiated on a small strike-slip fault at 11:02:56 UTC beneath Waiau, in the North Canterbury region located in the centraleastern South Island of New Zealand. The rupture then propagated northeastward to trigger a large thrust-fault accounting for most of the energy release (Dupu-tel & Rivera, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Severe ground shaking generated thousands of landslides with over 200 landslide dams created (Dellow et al, 2017). The largest of the landslides clustered around at least 21 faults that ruptured to the land or sea-floor surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbance for Surface-Rupturing Earthquakes

Lee¹

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The 2016 Kaikōura, New Zealand, Earthquake: Preliminary Seismological Report

Cited by 193 publications

References 46 publications

New Zealand’s National Landslide Database

New Zealand’s National Landslide Database

Transformations for Resilient Rural Futures: The Case of Kaikōura, Aotearoa-New Zealand

Characterizing Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbance for Surface-Rupturing Earthquakes

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