The 2020 eruption and the large lateral dike emplacement at Taal volcano, Philippines: Insights from radar satellite data

Bato, Mary-Grace; Lundgren, P.; Pinel, Virginie; Solidum, Renato U.; Daag, Arturo; Cahulogan, M.

doi:10.1002/essoar.10504404.1

2020

DOI: 10.1002/essoar.10504404.1

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The 2020 eruption and the large lateral dike emplacement at Taal volcano, Philippines: Insights from radar satellite data

Mary-Grace Bato

P. Lundgren

Virginie Pinel

et al.

Abstract: Taal volcano is a caldera located in southwestern Luzon island in the Philippines (Figure 1). It is one of the frequently erupting volcanoes in the country, having at least 33 known historical eruptions between CE1572 and CE1977 (Delos Reyes et al., 2018). The volcano is part of the Macolod Corridor, a complex NE-SW trending 50-60 km-wide rift zone, characterized by active volcanism, crustal thinning, extensive faulting, and block rotation (

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Cited by 2 publications

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“…It lasted about 1 day and produced 30 million m 3 of volcanic material. Preeruptive deformation using InSAR data suggests that 45 million m 3 of magma intruded the volcano (Bato et al, 2020). This eruption shares some similarity with the 1911 eruption also located in the main crater that produced 80 million m 3 (Delos Reyes et al, 2018;Pratt, 1911).…”

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Carbon Dioxide in Taal Volcanic Lake: A Simple Gasometer for Volcano Monitoring

Bernard

Villacorte²,

Maussen

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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We report here an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in Taal lake during the year preceding the January 2020 eruption. Starting in February 2019, the CO2 emissions from the lake increased from background value (700 t day−1) to a flux close to 2,400 t day−1 at the time of the eruption. We show that the lake acts as a highly sensitive gasometer where CO2 (aq) reflects the balance between CO2 supplied to the lake (by hot springs) and CO2 lost by diffusion at air‐water interface. The lake waters are extremely enriched in dissolved carbon dioxide with pCO2 values as high as 0.35 atm (350,000 ppmV) equivalent to a CO2 (aq) of 9.32 mmol l−1. The residence time of CO2 in the lake is around 1 week which allows for fast detection of change in magma degassing and makes carbon dioxide a very promising tool for volcano monitoring.

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mentioning

confidence: 75%

Carbon Dioxide in Taal Volcanic Lake: A Simple Gasometer for Volcano Monitoring

Bernard

Villacorte²,

Maussen

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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Large-scale demonstration of machine learning for the detection of volcanic deformation in Sentinel-1 satellite imagery

et al. 2022

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Radar (SAR) satellites systematically acquire imagery that can be used for volcano monitoring, characterising magmatic systems and potentially forecasting eruptions on a global scale. However, exploiting the large dataset is limited by the need for manual inspection, meaning timely dissemination of information is challenging. Here we automatically process ~ 600,000 images of > 1000 volcanoes acquired by the Sentinel-1 satellite in a 5-year period (2015–2020) and use the dataset to demonstrate the applicability and limitations of machine learning for detecting deformation signals. Of the 16 volcanoes flagged most often, 5 experienced eruptions, 6 showed slow deformation, 2 had non-volcanic deformation and 3 had atmospheric artefacts. The detection threshold for the whole dataset is 5.9 cm, equivalent to a rate of 1.2 cm/year over the 5-year study period. We then use the large testing dataset to explore the effects of atmospheric conditions, land cover and signal characteristics on detectability and find that the performance of the machine learning algorithm is primarily limited by the quality of the available data, with poor coherence and slow signals being particularly challenging. The expanding dataset of systematically acquired, processed and flagged images will enable the quantitative analysis of volcanic monitoring signals on an unprecedented scale, but tailored processing will be needed for routine monitoring applications.

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The 2020 eruption and the large lateral dike emplacement at Taal volcano, Philippines: Insights from radar satellite data

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

Carbon Dioxide in Taal Volcanic Lake: A Simple Gasometer for Volcano Monitoring

Carbon Dioxide in Taal Volcanic Lake: A Simple Gasometer for Volcano Monitoring

Large-scale demonstration of machine learning for the detection of volcanic deformation in Sentinel-1 satellite imagery

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