The 3-D Morphology Evolution of Spur Dike Scour under Clear-Water Scour Conditions

Zhang, Li; Wang, Hao; Zhang, Xianqi; Wang, Bo; Chen, Jian

doi:10.3390/w10111583

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…The critical shear velocity of flume bed particles and armour layer particles was calculated by Shield's curve. The corresponding values of critical velocities (U ca ) were calculated using Lauchlan and Melville [20] in Equation (2).…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study only focuses on the rectangular vertical spur dikes, which are fixed perpendicular to the flow. Spur dikes are identified as an effective hydraulic structure to reduce the flow velocity for river bank protection [1][2][3]. After fixing a spur dike, the flow processes in the stream are different to disturb the flow characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scour around Spur Dike in Sand–Gravel Mixture Bed

Pandey

Lam

Cui

et al. 2019

Water

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Scour is the main cause of failure for spur dike. The accurate prediction of scour around spur dike is essential to design a spur dike. The present study focuses on the maximum scour depth in equilibrium condition and parameters, which influence it in a sand–gravel mixture bed. Outcomes of the present experimental study showed that the non-dimensional maximum equilibrium scour depth increases with critical velocity ratio (U/Uca), water depth-armour particle ratio (h/da), Froude number for sediment mixture (Frsm), water depth-spur dike length ratio (h/l), and decreases with increase in armour particle-spur dike length ratio (da/l). The maximum scour depth is proportional to dimensionless parameters of U/Uca, h/da, Frsm, h/l, but the scour depth is inverse proportional to da/l. Scour around spur dike in a sand–gravel mixture is mainly influenced by the property of the sediment mixture. The scour increases with decrease in non-uniformity of the sediment mixture. A non-linear empirical equation is proposed to estimate the maximum scour depth at an upstream nose of rectangular spur dike with a maximum error of 15%. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the maximum non-dimensional equilibrium scour depth depends on Frsm, followed by the secondary sensible parameters da/l, h/l, and h/da.

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Section: Experimental Setup and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scour around Spur Dike in Sand–Gravel Mixture Bed

Pandey

Lam

Cui

et al. 2019

Water

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show abstract

“…These complex flow structures scale with the size of the spur dike and flow velocity, containing sufficient energy for the removal of bed material (Diplas et al, 2008;Valyrakis et al, 2010;Valyrakis et al, 2013), leading to the generation of local scour. The study of scour processes around spur dikes is very important for river training and can provide practical guidelines that hydraulic engineers and practitioners may use for their effective operation and management (Zhang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental assessment and prediction of temporal scour depth around a spur dike

Pandey

Valyrakis

et al. 2021

International Journal of Sediment Research

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Spur dikes are river training structures that have been extensively used worldwide for towards enhancing flood control and the stability of embankments and riverbanks.However, scour around spur dikes can be a major problem affecting their stability and hydraulic performance. The precise computation of temporal scour depth at spur dikes is very important for the design of economical and safe spur dikes. This study focuses on experimentally assessing the temporal variation of scour depth around a vertical wall spur dike and identifying the parameters, which mostly influence spur dike performance for a channel bed surface comprised of sand-gravel mixtures. In the current study, the authors did physical experiments in a flume based study to obtain new data, aimed at deriving a new predictive model for spur dike scour and comparing its performance to others found in the literature. It was found that the dimensionless temporal scour depth variation increases with an increase in (i) the threshold velocity ratio, (ii) the densimetric Froude number of the bed surface sediment mixture, (iii) the flow shallowness (defined as the ratio of the approach flow depth, y, to the spur dike's transverse length, l), and (iv) the flow depth-particle size ratio. It is also concluded that the temporal scour depth variation in the sediment mixture is influenced by the non-uniformity of sediment and decreases with an increase in the non-uniformity of the sediment mixture. A new mathematical model is derived for the estimation of temporal scour depths in sand-gravel sediment mixtures. The proposed equation has been calibrated and validated with the experimental data, demonstrating a good predictive capacity for the estimation of temporal scour depth evolution.

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“…Thus, the combined effect of flow contraction as well as the local flow structure around an abutment made the problem of abutment scour more challenging. Although some researchers have suggested the need for more research on the subject of local flow structures and velocity distribution, past studies [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] have provided acceptable insight for the mechanisms of local flow structure around single and a group of bridge foundations under free flow conditions. However, for high flow conditions such as in an extremely hydrologic event, there is no widely applicable abutment scour formula, and the term has not been distinctly defined because of difficulties in understanding the complicated flow and scouring mechanism combined with complex geometries of bridge and various flow conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Averaged Turbulent Velocity Flow Field through the Various Bridge Contractions during Large Flooding

Yoon

Lee

Hong

2019

Water

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Extreme rainfall events, larger than 500-year floods, have produced a large number of flooding events in the land and also close to the shore, and have resulted in massive destruction of hydraulic infrastructures because of scour. In light of climate change, this trend is likely to continue in the future and thus, resilience, security and sustainability of hydraulic infrastructures has become an interesting topic for hydraulic engineering stakeholders. In this study, a physical model experiment with a geometric similarity of the bridge embankments, abutments, and bridge deck as well as river bathymetry was conducted in a laboratory flume. Flow conditions were utilized to get submerged orifice flow and overtopping flow in the bridge section in order to simulate extreme hydrologic flow conditions. Point velocities of the bridge section were measured in sufficient details and the time-averaged velocity flow field were plotted to obtain better understandings of scour and sediment transport under high flow conditions. The laboratory study concluded that existing lateral flow contraction as well as vertical flow contraction resulted in a unique flow field through the bridge and the shape of velocity profile being “fuller”, thereby increasing the velocity gradients close to the bed and subsequently resulting in a higher rate of bed sediment transport. The relationships between the velocity gradients measured close to the bed and the degree of flow contraction through the bridge are suggested. Furthermore, based on the location of maximum scour corresponding to the measured velocity flow field, the classification of scour conditions, long setback abutment scour and short setback abutment scour, are also suggested.

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The 3-D Morphology Evolution of Spur Dike Scour under Clear-Water Scour Conditions

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Scour around Spur Dike in Sand–Gravel Mixture Bed

Scour around Spur Dike in Sand–Gravel Mixture Bed

Experimental assessment and prediction of temporal scour depth around a spur dike

Time-Averaged Turbulent Velocity Flow Field through the Various Bridge Contractions during Large Flooding

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