The ability to tolerate starvation: a role in anorexia nervosa?

Gatward, Nick

doi:10.1002/erv.448

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Evolutionary explanations of eating and eating related behaviors are gaining rapidly in popularity and proliferation (e.g., Nesse, 1964; Epling & Pierce, 1992; Gatward, 2001; Guisinger, 2003; de Ridder & van den Bos, 2006; Lieberman, 2006; de Graaf, 2006; van den Bos & de Ridder, 2006; Polivy & Herman, 2006). Logue (2004), for example, puts forward a strictly evolutionary account of eating at the beginning of her text.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alimentary epigenetics: A developmental psychobiological systems view of the perception of hunger, thirst and satiety☆

Harshaw

2008

Developmental Review

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Hunger, thirst and satiety have an enormous influence on cognition, behavior and development, yet we often take for granted that they are simply inborn or innate. Converging data and theory from both comparative and human domains, however, supports the conclusion that the phenomena hunger, thirst and satiety are not innate but rather emerge probabilistically as a function of experience during individual development. The metatheoretical perspective provided by developmental psychobiological systems theory provides a useful framework for organizing and synthesizing findings related to the development of the perception of hunger, thirst and satiety, or alimentary interoception. It is argued that neither developmental psychology nor the psychology of eating and drinking have adequately dealt with the ontogeny of alimentary interoception and that a more serious consideration of the species-typical developmental system of food and fluid intake and the many modifications that have been made therein is likely necessary for a full understanding of both alimentary and emotional development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alimentary epigenetics: A developmental psychobiological systems view of the perception of hunger, thirst and satiety☆

Harshaw

2008

Developmental Review

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“…Now, when those with this genetic susceptibility lose weight, this ancient adaptation is triggered: an 'ancestrally reliable cue becomes unreliable in modern conditions' (Cosmides & Tooby, 1999, p. 460). It is also possible that being able to tolerate starvation relatively well and perhaps lead other group members to migrate, may have raised the self-esteem of these early anorexics, and that this may now be an aspect of the increased self-esteem which occurs in AN (Gatward, 2001). Though the weight loss usually starts as an attempt to feel better, (to increase status and decrease the risk of exclusion) it is possible that some people who lose weight for other reasons, such as depression, physical illness or religiously motivated starvation, may develop AN.…”

Section: The Threat Of Starvationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Anorexia nervosa: an evolutionary puzzle

Gatward¹

2006

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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Anorexia nervosa (AN) has proven difficult to explain and is especially so from an evolutionary perspective. It is widespread, has probably existed for centuries and includes a genetic component but leads to starvation, infertility and sometimes death. An attempt to explain AN will be made using a synthesis of evolutionary ideas about responses to threat. Dietary restriction is described as a response to perceived threats of exclusion from the group, which would once have been dangerous. This can develop into AN only where the weight loss sets off an ancient adaptive response to the threat of famine. Eating again and weight gain would mean re-entering the competition for status and belonging and are therefore felt as threatening. This synthesis can explain the unusual mix of features found in AN that are otherwise resistant to explanation.

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“…Including instruction related to mental imagery (Pylyshyn, 2003) allows us to explore subjective situations that are not only the eating experience or the mere exposure to images that stimulate appetency (De Silva, Salem, Matthews, & Dhillo, 2012;Santel, Baving, Krauel, Münte, & Rotte, 2006), but also the hypothetic situation of doing an activity that is inhibited in these patients such as the alimentary behavior. (Gatward, 2001). This exploration of the patient's subjective field allows revealing the activated areas that are used to confront the imagery situation of eating that is controlled in an abnormal way up the point that becomes a disease.…”

Section: Evocation Paradigm Of Food Appetency Presented To the Group mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a possibility that has been proposed on the integration diagram maintenance of anorexia (Fladung et al, 2010). Principally, because it refers to the starvation state of the patient (Gatward, 2001) and its association with the compulsive exercise (Scheurink et al, 2010). It must be as well associated to the reward circuit in a positive way with appetency, that is to say, the eating or not eating act can be conditioned by something else than hunger for a goal, which determines behavior and influences appetency through a top-down mechanism (Kobayashi et al, 2004).…”

Section: R E S E a R C H A R T I C L E International Journal Of Psychmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurofunctional areas related to food appetency in anorexia nervosa

Cervantes-Navarrete

Alcauter-Solórzano

Miguel-Bueno

et al. 2012

Int. j. psychol. res.

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Key Words:Anorexia Nervosa, food appetency, appetite, neuroimagingIn Anorexia Nervosa the observable phenomenon is the suppression of appetite. Little is known about the biological and psychological (top-down) bases that maintain this pathological state. However, Anorexia Nervosa is a biological, psychological and social model where the main behavioral characteristic is the inhibition of eating behavior; not by bottom-up but top-down regulation. Objective: To explore the areas of the brain associated with food appetency through functional magnetic resonance in women with anorexia nervosa. Methods: The subjects include 5 female with Restrictive type of Anorexia Nervosa and five controls female with similar in age and low weigh. The subjects were within the MRI scanner and while took fMRI they saw food images that would generate appetite. The subjects were in fasting state and mentally prepare by instruction "imagine you are eating the food presented in the following images". Results: Compared differences in the activation between subjects four regions were found significant: the anterior cingulate, left front medial region and the left and right midbrain. Conclusions: The patients with Anorexia Nervosa present different activated cerebral areas to those of the controls during the visual exposition to food in hungry state and with evoke cognitions associated with eat food; those regions may be implicated in reward and self-control.

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The ability to tolerate starvation: a role in anorexia nervosa?

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Alimentary epigenetics: A developmental psychobiological systems view of the perception of hunger, thirst and satiety☆

Alimentary epigenetics: A developmental psychobiological systems view of the perception of hunger, thirst and satiety☆

Anorexia nervosa: an evolutionary puzzle

Neurofunctional areas related to food appetency in anorexia nervosa

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