The absence of detectable methylated bases in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> DNA

Urieli-Shoval, Simcha; Gruenbaum, Yosef; Sedat, John W.; Razin, Aharon

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(82)80723-0

Cited by 206 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In fungi, m5C is concentrated in repeat loci whereas active genes are not methylated 6,9 . Furthermore, several model eukaryotes are devoid of DNA methylation altogether, including the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 12 , the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 13 , the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 14 (except in the early stages of embryogenesis 15 ) and the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus 16 . From the methylomes examined thus far, it is therefore unclear which are the ancestral underlying mechanisms at work and those that have been co-opted to distinct biological roles in different eukaryotic groups.…”

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confidence: 99%

Insights into the role of DNA methylation in diatoms by genome-wide profiling in Phaeodactylum tricornutum

et al. 2013

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DNA cytosine methylation is a widely conserved epigenetic mark in eukaryotes that appears to have critical roles in the regulation of genome structure and transcription. Genome-wide methylation maps have so far only been established from the supergroups Archaeplastida and Unikont. Here we report the first whole-genome methylome from a stramenopile, the marine model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Around 6% of the genome is intermittently methylated in a mosaic pattern. We find extensive methylation in transposable elements. We also detect methylation in over 320 genes. Extensive gene methylation correlates strongly with transcriptional silencing and differential expression under specific conditions. By contrast, we find that genes with partial methylation tend to be constitutively expressed. These patterns contrast with those found previously in other eukaryotes. By going beyond plants, animals and fungi, this stramenopile methylome adds significantly to our understanding of the evolution of DNA methylation in eukaryotes.

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confidence: 99%

Insights into the role of DNA methylation in diatoms by genome-wide profiling in Phaeodactylum tricornutum

et al. 2013

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“…Hence, unmethylated YAC transgene constructs containing the Igf2-H19 region, when transfected into differentiated cells, showed expression of both H19 and Igf2 (59). This, together with the finding (34) that the H19 upstream element functions as a silencer in Drosophila (an organism in which methylation is absent [54]) and as a boundary element on the unmethylated maternal chromosome in the mouse, suggests involvement of epigenetic features other than DNA methylation.…”

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confidence: 60%

“…The boundary-insulator property of this element is observed on the maternal allele in the mouse, which is unmethylated in this region (53), as is the Drosophila genome (54). This suggests that epigenetic features other than methylation are responsible for its role.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Allele-Specific Chromatin Configuration in a Boundary–Imprinting-Control Element Upstream of the Mouse H19 Gene

Khosla

Aitchison

Gregory

et al. 1999

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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The mouse H19 gene is expressed from the maternal chromosome exclusively. A 2-kb region at 2 to 4 kb upstream of H19 is paternally methylated throughout development, and these sequences are necessary for the imprinted expression of both H19 and the 5 -neighboring Igf2 gene. In particular, on the maternal chromosome this element appears to insulate the Igf2 gene from enhancers located downstream of H19. We analyzed the chromatin organization of this element by assaying its sensitivity to nucleases in nuclei. Six DNase I hypersensitive sites (HS sites) were detected on the unmethylated maternal chromosome exclusively, the two most prominent of which mapped 2.25 and 2.75 kb 5 to the H19 transcription initiation site. Five of the maternal HS sites were present in expressing and nonexpressing tissues and in embryonic stem (ES) cells. They seem, therefore, to reflect the maternal origin of the chromosome rather than the expression of H19. A sixth maternal HS site, at 3.45 kb upstream of H19, was detected in ES cells only. The nucleosomal organization of this element was analyzed in tissues and ES cells by micrococcal nuclease digestion. Specifically on the maternal chromosome, an unusual and strong banding pattern was obtained, suggestive of a nonnucleosomal organization. From our studies, it appears that the unusual chromatin organization with the presence of HS sites (maternal chromosome) and DNA methylation (paternal chromosome) in this element are mutually exclusive and reflect alternate epigenetic states. In addition, our data suggest that nonhistone proteins are associated with the maternal chromosome and that these might be involved in its boundary function.

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“…Studies that addressed questions concerning the mechanism of action of prokaryotic methylases either could not determine processivity, as was the case with MHhal [8], or suggested that each methylation event involves binding of the enzyme to a specific site on the DNA followed by dissociation of the enzyme from its substrate. This nonprocessive mechanism Lad been proposed for the modification enzyme, M.EcoRI, [9] and the E. coli DAM methylase [10]. It should be noted that these two enzymes are adenine DNA methylases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mode of action of the Spiroplasma CpG methylase M.SssI

Renbaum

Razin

1992

FEBS Letters

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The cytosine DNA methylase froln the wall-less prokaryote, Spi:oplasma strain MQI I M.S5sl) methylates completely and exclusively CpGcontaining sequences, thus showing sequence specificity which is fimilar to that of mammalian DNA methylases. M.Sssi is shown here to methylate duplex DNA proces~ively as judged by kinetic analysis of meth),lated intermediates. The cytosine DNA rnethylases, M.Hpall and M.Hhal, from other prokaryotic organisms, appear to methylate in a non.processiv¢ manner or with a very low degree of proce~ivity. The Spiroplctstna enzyme interacts with duplex DNA irrespective to the presence of CpG sequences in the substrate DNA. The enzyme proce~h along a CpG-c~ntainin[~ DNA substrate molecule rnethylating one strand of DNA at a time.Processive methylation; M.Sssl meth),lase; M.Hpali methylase; M.lthal rnethylase

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The absence of detectable methylated bases in Drosophila melanogaster DNA

Cited by 206 publications

References 16 publications

Insights into the role of DNA methylation in diatoms by genome-wide profiling in Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Insights into the role of DNA methylation in diatoms by genome-wide profiling in Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Parental Allele-Specific Chromatin Configuration in a Boundary–Imprinting-Control Element Upstream of the Mouse H19 Gene

Mode of action of the Spiroplasma CpG methylase M.SssI

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