The absorption of cationic surfactants by cellulosic materials

Sexsmith, F. H.; White, Howard J.

doi:10.1016/0095-8522(59)90028-5

Cited by 43 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The maximum in adsorption at the CMC is associated with the formation of bulk micelles at the CMC. Maxima in adsorbed mass have also been noted by others, although explanations for the phenomena are varied (Fava and Eyring, 1956;Furst et al, 1996;Meader and Fries, 1952;Paria et al, 2005;Paria and Khilar, 2004;Sexsmith and White Jr, 1959;Velegol et al, 2000;Vold and Sivaramakrishnan, 1958). In our case, we believe that surface-active impurities were adsorbing within the supported film below the CMC.…”

Section: Equilibrium Adsorption On Smooth Surfacessupporting

confidence: 80%

Observing the Effects of Temperature and Surface Roughness on Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Adsorption Using a Quartz‐Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring

Hamon

Striolo

Grady

2019

J Surfact & Detergents

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The effects of temperature and surface roughness on the mass and viscoelasticity of an adsorbed surfactant layer were monitored using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM‐D). Adsorption isotherms at 30, 40, 50, and 60 °C and at two different roughnesses on gold were measured for cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). All isotherms displayed an increase in mass and dissipation as surfactant concentration was increased to its critical micelle concentration (CMC). Above the CMC, adsorption reached a peak followed by a slight decrease to a plateau at the equilibrium adsorption value. As the temperature was increased, the adsorbed mass above the CMC decreased. The adsorbed mass decreased further by increasing substrate roughness, while the dissipation remained unchanged within experimental uncertainty. Dynamic adsorption experiments were also conducted at various temperatures for select concentrations above and below the CMC, providing evidence for the importance of different adsorption mechanisms as a function of both surfactant concentration and surface roughness.

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Section: Equilibrium Adsorption On Smooth Surfacessupporting

confidence: 80%

Observing the Effects of Temperature and Surface Roughness on Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Adsorption Using a Quartz‐Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring

Hamon

Striolo

Grady

2019

J Surfact & Detergents

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“…Transmittance measurements permit to calculate an extinction coefficient K defined by K = log (Io/I)/L c [7] where Io and I are the intensities of light transmitted by water and by clay suspension, c tile clay eoneentratim, in g/liter, and L the path length in era. The values of K, which were reproducible to • or better, are a measure of the degree of floecnlation of the clay.…”

Section: Deflocculation Of Sodium Montmoriuonite By Polyoxyethylated mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the three classes of detergents, anionic ones are only adsorbed in traces by pure celluh)se in the absem~e of hardness (4) an(I not at all by sodium montmorilhmite (5). ('~ationic surfactants are readily adsorbed by nmntmorillonite (6) and by cellulose (7) but are of no practical usefulness as detergents. Nonionic detergents were selected because of their growing importan(.e in (,omnlercial formulations and because the physiochemical basis of their mode of action in detergency was largely unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interactions in the system: Clay‐detergent‐cellulose

Schott

1968

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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The McBain equation describing detergency was used to study the process cellulose 9 clay + detergent = cellulose 9 detergent + clay 9 detergent, by taking thoroughly purified cotton, montmorillonite swelling clay, and n-C12H2.~O (CH2CH20)-~4H as well as other nonionic and anionic detergents. The three binary equilibria which add up to this ternary system were also studied.X-ray diffraction showed that nonionic detergents sorbed by the clay were intercalated between adjacent, 9.5 A--thick lattice layers of clay with their chains parallel to these layers, in sheets one or two molecules thick. The process was accompanied by dehydration and proceeded down to low equilibrium detergent concentrations. The deflocculation of sodium montmorillonite suspensions by polyoxyethylated conq)ounds was shown by an increase in turbidity and decreases in viscosity and sedimentation volume. Cellulose sorbed C12H.z.~O(CH.,Ctt20)14II reversibly. Its uptake was considerably less than that of clay on a weight basis but was comparable on an area basis.Kaolinite and calcium nlontmorilhmitc pi(.kcd up by celluh)se from aqueous suspensions were gradually removed by washing with water, following first-order kinetics.Of the sodimn montmorillonite picked up, 0.13 ~ 0.01% could not he removed by washing with water. This level of tenaciously retained clay was independent of clay concentration, rate of stirring, and temperature. The ash of fabric treated with sodium montmorillonite was a shrunken replica of the fabric, preserving microscopic details faithfully. This and comparison of the specific surface areas of cotton and sodium montmorillonite indicate that cotton was completely coated with clay to an average depth of three to four lattice layers. The reason for this thickness is that the primary particles in sodium montmorillonite dispersions are packets of three to four lattice layers.Anionic and cationic detergents removed little or none of the 0.13% sodium montmorillonite. Polyoxyethylated and polyoxypropylated compounds removed part but always left behind at least 0.04%. This is the amount of clay required to cover the cellulose surface completely with a sheet of single, nonoverlapping lattice layers. However, when brought into contact in the presence of nonionie detergents, cellulose retained no sodium montmorillonite at all.

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“…These studies have often involved dye and surfactant adsorption (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Cellulose, including microcrystalline cellulose, has also been used to coat TLC plates for use in the separation of various chemical and biological agents (8,9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellulose derivatives and their adsorption properties have been studied extensively in the textile and paper industries. These studies have often involved dye and surfactant adsorption (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Cellulose, including microcrystalline cellulose, has also been used to coat TLC plates for use in the separation of various chemical and biological agents (8,9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%