“…In pigeons and some other birds, when walking on the ground, a 'headbobbing' reflex also stabilises the head (Dunlap and Mowrer, 1930;Friedman, 1975;Frost, 1978;Davies and Green, 1988;Green et al, 1994;Troje and Frost, 2000;Fujita, 2003). The fundamental role of the nucleus of the optic basal root (nBOR) and the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (nLM) in the elaboration of optokinetic responses in birds is well established (Britto et al, 1981;Mc Kenna andWallman, 1981, 1985;Morgan and Frost, 1981;Gioanni et al, 1983aGioanni et al, ,b, 1984Winterson and Brauth, 1985;Telford and Frost, 1989;Frost, 1990a,b, 1999;Wylie et al, 1998a;Frost et al, 1990;Fu et al, 1998a,b;Zhang et al, 1999;Wang et al, 2000a).…”