The accumbens: beyond the core-shell dichotomy

Heimer, Lennart; Gf, Alheid; Js, de Olmos; Hj, Groenewegen; Sn, Haber; Re, Harlan; Ds, Zahm

doi:10.1176/jnp.9.3.354

Cited by 356 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Extrapolating from the human situation as seen from the psychotherapeutic perspective, the reactivation of memories of the rewarding aspects of four social encounters with same individual (which could be reported as “positive,” soothing, and pleasurable by a human) by the contextual stimuli of the social interaction associated compartment of the three-compartment CPP could plausibly dampen the arousing and motivational effects (“craving”) induced by the contextual stimuli of the neighboring cocaine associated chamber of the CPP box as the individual moves back and forth from one conditioning chamber to the other during the (cocaine-free) CPP test. As the amygdala is known (1) to mediate memories with emotional content (Herry et al, 2010) and (2) to project extensively to the AcbShm and the AcbSh (Heimer et al, 1997), it is well conceivable that the amygdala exerts the inhibitory effect of social interaction memory on MSNs indirectly via inhibitory GABAergic interneurons (Tepper et al, 2010). The same rationale applies to the hippocampus, another well-known memory-related brain region (Meibach and Siegel, 1977; Swanson and Cowan, 1979; Nyakas et al, 1987; Oades and Halliday, 1987; Brog et al, 1993; Kalivas et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These regions can be distinguished by a number of differences in histoarchitecture, neuropil staining (Paxinos et al, 2009) and connectivity (Heimer et al, 1991, 1997; Zahm, 2008). In particular, the medial accumbens core (AcbCm) which shares a lot of similarities with the dorsal striatum (Heimer et al, 1997; Ikemoto, 2007; Haber and Knutson, 2010) and the medial accumbens shell (AcbShm), which is considered part of the “extended amygdala” (Heimer et al, 1997), differentially mediate many aspects of reward (Pontieri et al, 1995; Berlanga et al, 2003; Acquas et al, 2007; Zavala et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the medial accumbens core (AcbCm) which shares a lot of similarities with the dorsal striatum (Heimer et al, 1997; Ikemoto, 2007; Haber and Knutson, 2010) and the medial accumbens shell (AcbShm), which is considered part of the “extended amygdala” (Heimer et al, 1997), differentially mediate many aspects of reward (Pontieri et al, 1995; Berlanga et al, 2003; Acquas et al, 2007; Zavala et al, 2008). Accordingly, we had shown that conditioned place preference (CPP) for cocaine is mediated by the core, whereas CPP for dyadic social interaction between sex- and weight matched early adult male Sprague–Dawley rats is mediated by the shell (Fritz et al, 2011a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reacquisition of cocaine conditioned place preference and its inhibition by previous social interaction preferentially affect D1-medium spiny neurons in the accumbens corridor

Prast

Schardl

Schwarzer

et al. 2014

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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We investigated if counterconditioning with dyadic (i.e., one-to-one) social interaction, a strong inhibitor of the subsequent reacquisition of cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP), differentially modulates the activity of the diverse brain regions oriented along a mediolateral corridor reaching from the interhemispheric sulcus to the anterior commissure, i.e., the nucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band, the medial septal nucleus, the major island of Calleja, the intermediate part of the lateral septal nucleus, and the medial accumbens shell and core. We also investigated the involvement of the lateral accumbens core and the dorsal caudate putamen. The anterior cingulate 1 (Cg1) region served as a negative control. Contrary to our expectations, we found that all regions of the accumbens corridor showed increased expression of the early growth response protein 1 (EGR1, Zif268) in rats 2 h after reacquisition of CPP for cocaine after a history of cocaine CPP acquisition and extinction. Previous counterconditioning with dyadic social interaction inhibited both the reacquisition of cocaine CPP and the activation of the whole accumbens corridor. EGR1 activation was predominantly found in dynorphin-labeled cells, i.e., presumably D1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs), with D2-MSNs (immunolabeled with an anti-DRD2 antibody) being less affected. Cholinergic interneurons or GABAergic interneurons positive for parvalbumin, neuropeptide Y or calretinin were not involved in these CPP-related EGR1 changes. Glial cells did not show any EGR1 expression either. The present findings could be of relevance for the therapy of impaired social interaction in substance use disorders, depression, psychosis, and autism spectrum disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reacquisition of cocaine conditioned place preference and its inhibition by previous social interaction preferentially affect D1-medium spiny neurons in the accumbens corridor

Prast

Schardl

Schwarzer

et al. 2014

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These include immunohistochemical similarities, such as the presence of areas rich in neurotensin, cholecystokinin, and opioid peptides, as well as connectional similarities, including efferents to the lateral hypothalamus and afferents from the basolateral complex of the amygdala (see [19,73,74]). This has led to the notion that the shell area of the accumbens could be conceived as a transitional zone between the striatum and the extended amygdala [75].…”

Section: Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal studies have further elucidated that the accumbens, similar to the caudate-putamen and olfactory tubercle, receives input from the allocortical and periallocortical areas as well as from the medial and lateral proisocortical areas [73,89] (fig. 1a).…”

Section: Afferentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nucleus Accumbens: A Comprehensive Review

Salgado

Kaplitt²

2015

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg

398

289

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There is increasing interest among functional neurosurgeons in the potential for novel therapies to impact upon diseases beyond movement disorders and pain. A target of increasing interest is the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which has long been studied as a key brain region mediating a variety of behaviors, including reward and satisfaction. As such, focal modulation of the biology of the NAc with deep brain stimulation or novel biological therapies such as gene therapy or cell transplantation could have a major impact upon disorders such as depression and drug addiction. In order to both develop appropriate therapies and then deliver them in an effective fashion, a thorough understanding of the biology, physiology, and anatomy of the NAc is critical. Here, we review the existing literature regarding several areas critical to the development of new therapies, including the known pharmacology, physiology, and connectivity of the NAc, as well as evidence supporting the potential for various NAc surgical therapies in animal models. We then review the relevant anatomy of the NAc, with particular attention to the surgical anatomy, imaging, and targeting necessary to facilitate a proper localization and delivery of new agents to this region. The NAc is a fascinating and potentially rich target for stereotactic neurosurgical intervention, and analysis of existing information regarding all aspects of this structure should help potentiate therapeutic advances and reduce complications from future studies of neurosurgical intervention in this region for a variety of disorders.

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Induction of fos-like-immunoreactivity in the central extended amygdala by antidepressant drugs

Morelli

Pinna

Ruiu

et al. 1999

Synapse

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The induction of the early gene c-fos was evaluated through Fos immunohistochemistry in areas belonging to the extended amygdala after acute administration of two antidepressants, citalopram and imipramine. Both citalopram and imipramine at the dose of 5 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, induced Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in the central amygdaloid nucleus, lateral division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTL), and interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure (IPAC). The shell of the nucleus accumbens, which forms a continuum with the central extended amygdala, showed a decrease of FLI after administration of either citalopram or imipramine. The mechanism of action and the brain areas affected by antidepressants are still a matter of debate. By showing that the central extended amygdala is a common site of action for two different antidepressant types, these results provide new insight into the mechanism of action of antidepressants.

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The accumbens: beyond the core-shell dichotomy

Cited by 356 publications

References 129 publications

Reacquisition of cocaine conditioned place preference and its inhibition by previous social interaction preferentially affect D1-medium spiny neurons in the accumbens corridor

Reacquisition of cocaine conditioned place preference and its inhibition by previous social interaction preferentially affect D1-medium spiny neurons in the accumbens corridor

The Nucleus Accumbens: A Comprehensive Review

Induction of fos-like-immunoreactivity in the central extended amygdala by antidepressant drugs

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