The Accumulation of Storage Materials in Ray Cells of Poplar Wood (Populus x canadensis &lt;robusta&gt;): Effect of Ringing and Defoliation

Sauter, Jörg J.; Neumann, Ute

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(11)82092-4

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In addition to transport, rays and the surrounding parenchymal tissue in sapwood also have important storage and remobilization functions. Seasonal dynamics of storage and remobilization of carbohydrates and amino-N metabolites in ray cells have been described [32][33][34][35]. However, empirical research into the role of rays in hydraulic functioning and associated loading, transporting, and unloading processes at short temporal scales (i.e., hours to days) is largely missing.…”

Section: Wood Raysmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hydraulic Anatomy and Function of Trees—Basics and Critical Developments

Pfautsch

2016

Curr Forestry Rep

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The study of hydraulic anatomy and function of trees has a long tradition. Motivated by current and projected changes in water availability, the field of tree hydraulics is experiencing a bout of activity. Significant progress has been made in understanding how water transport in trees is organized, how it integrates with other physiological processes, and what it takes for it to malfunction. Many of these advances have been possible, as fields of research that have traditionally been separate are merging, for example, wood anatomy and plant ecophysiology. These developments have led to the creation of powerful and novel approaches that help to answer longstanding questions relating to fundamental aspects of fluid transport in plants and how plants survive in the face of environmental stresses such as drought and freezing. The increased capacities to visualize the ultrastructures of wood in ever-greater detail and the ability for in-situ visualization of long-distance fluid transport have contributed to this progress. This review provides an entry point to the vast and continuously increasing knowledge of how water transport in trees is organized. It scales from cells to tissue anatomy to whole-tree physiology and landscape ecology. Known mechanisms and novel conceptual theories around how trees die as well as ways to prevent this fate are summarized. High-priority research questions for the coming years are formulated.

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Section: Wood Raysmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hydraulic Anatomy and Function of Trees—Basics and Critical Developments

Pfautsch

2016

Curr Forestry Rep

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“…For instance, old leaves can store N (partly as Rubisco) in evergreen trees, and recycling of N from old needles provides much of N for new growth (Millard and Proe, 1992;Legaz et al, 1995). In deciduous trees, woody roots and old stems are generally major storage organs (Munoz et al, 1993;Millard et al, 1998) where bark-and woodstorage proteins are accumulated (Sauter and Neumann, 1994;Stepien et al, 1994). In the present study, the increase in the labeled N content (i.e.…”

Section: Importance Of N Remobilization For Spring Growth In Walnutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling Sap Flow Velocity and Amino Acid Concentrations as an Alternative Method to 15N Labeling for Quantifying Nitrogen Remobilization by Walnut Trees

Frak

Millard²,

Roux

et al. 2002

Plant Physiology

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The temporal dynamics of N remobilization was studied in walnut (Juglans nigra ϫ regia) trees growing in sand culture. Trees were fed with labeled N ( 15 N) during 1999 and unlabeled N in 2000. Total N and 15 N contents in different tree compartments were measured during 80 d after bud burst and were used to estimate N remobilization for spring growth. The seasonal (and occasionally diurnal) dynamics of the concentration and 15 N enrichment of the major amino acids in xylem sap were determined concurrently. Sap flow velocity was also measured for sample trees. A new approach coupling amino acid concentrations to sap flow velocity for quantifying N remobilization was tested. A decrease of the labeled N contents of medium roots, tap roots, and trunk was observed concurrently to the increase in the labeled N content of new shoots. Remobilized N represented from previous year storage 54% of N recovered in new shoots. Arginine, citruline, ␥-amino butyric acid, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid always represented around 80% of total amino acid and amide N in xylem sap and exhibited specific seasonal trends and significant diurnal trends. N translocation was mainly insured by arginine during the first 15 d after bud burst, and then by glutamic acid and citruline. The pattern of N remobilization estimated by the new approach was consistent with that measured by the classical labeling technique. Implications for quantifying N remobilization for large, field-growing trees are discussed.Because N is often the most limiting factor for plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems (Cole, 1981;Vitousek and Howarth, 1991), plant N economy is crucial for plant productivity and survival (Chapin et al., 1990). In contrast to annuals, perennial herbaceous and woody species can remobilize N stored during the previous years during growth in the spring (Millard, 1996;Bausenwein et al., 2001). N storage and remobilization enable perennial plants to be partially independent of external N availability for their growth (Nambiar and Fife, 1991;Millard and Proe, 1993;Millard, 1996), because remobilization of stored N supports the growth of new shoots before, or concurrently with, root uptake (Domenach and Kurdali, 1989;Millard and Proe, 1991;Neilsen et al., 1997;Millard et al., 2001). N storage occurs principally in autumn in perennial tissues such as roots and stems (Millard, 1996) in the form of bark and wood storage proteins and amino acids (Wetzel et al., 1989;Sagisaka, 1993;Stepien et al., 1994). In general, leaf growth is the strongest sink for N remobilization during spring growth, and remobilized N can reach nearly up to 90% of total N used for leaf growth (Millard, 1996;Neilsen et al., 1997).The best approach currently available to quantify N storage and remobilization relies on labeling techniques using 15 N enrichment (Millard and Neilsen, 1989) or depletion (Deng et al., 1989). Besides its cost, the applicability of this method for field grown trees has been questioned because the spatial and temporal stability of N enrichment in the...

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“…The parenchymatous cells of the wood and the 'bark' in both the stem and the root serve as essential vegetative storage tissues in which starch, sugars, protein and fat accumulate seasonally. Although innumerable studies have been made on the accumulation and mobilization of stored material in trees (see Ziegler 1964;Kramer and Kozlowski 1979;Kozlowski 1992) little is known on the factors controlling initiation and regulation of deposition of the individual compounds (Jeremias 1964;Dickson 1989;Titus 1989;Sauter and Neumann 1994). For instance, storage protein deposition has recently been found by some authors to be under photoperiodic control (e. g. Coleman et al 1991Coleman et al , 1992Langheinrich and Tischner 1991) while others gave evidence that further factors are of great significance, for example the nitrogen level, and the temperature Ovaa 1984, 1985;van Cleve and Apel 1993;Sauter and Neumann 1994;Stepien et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although innumerable studies have been made on the accumulation and mobilization of stored material in trees (see Ziegler 1964;Kramer and Kozlowski 1979;Kozlowski 1992) little is known on the factors controlling initiation and regulation of deposition of the individual compounds (Jeremias 1964;Dickson 1989;Titus 1989;Sauter and Neumann 1994). For instance, storage protein deposition has recently been found by some authors to be under photoperiodic control (e. g. Coleman et al 1991Coleman et al , 1992Langheinrich and Tischner 1991) while others gave evidence that further factors are of great significance, for example the nitrogen level, and the temperature Ovaa 1984, 1985;van Cleve and Apel 1993;Sauter and Neumann 1994;Stepien et al 1994). The insight into the interconversion of individual compounds, for example of starch and fat, of sugars and starch, and the prominent role of temperature on these events also is still limited (Jeremias 1968;Hrll 1985;Santer 1988;Fischer andH611 1991, 1992;Sauter and van Cleve 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the factors involved in determining the height of the accumulation level of individual compounds are still poorly known (cf. Sauter and Neumann 1994). The intracellular space of a parenchyma cell that becomes dedicated to the storage of starch, fat droplets, or protein bodies can be very different as was demonstrated by micromorphometry (Sauter and van Cleve 1989a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Storage, mobilization and interrelations of starch, sugars, protein and fat in the ray storage tissue of poplar trees

Sauter

Cleve

1994

Trees

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160

108

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Abstract. The seasonal pattern in starch, various sugars, protein, and fat, and their interrelationship, has been followed in 3-year-old branch wood of poplar trees (Populus x canadensis Moench 'robusta') under natural site conditions. The deposition of starch, protein and fat proceeds at different times. Starch accumulates from May until October, fat mainly during the summer months, and protein when the leaves are yellowing in September and October. The maximum concentrations in the branch wood were 15-18 Ixg starch, 6-9 p.g protein, 4-8 ~tg fat, 10-15 ~tg sucrose, and up to 30 ~tg total sugars per milligram dry weight (DW). During starch deposition periods no increased sucrose level is found in the tissue. The maximum daily starch deposition rate was 0.2-0.4 ~tg starch/day/mg DW of wood. During starch hydrolysis in late autumn and winter, a dramatic increase in sucrose and its galactosides is measured (up to 15-27 ~tg/mg DW in total). In early spring, before budbreak, the concentrations of these sugars diminishes sharply. In contrast to this clear-cut starch-tosugar conversion in autumn no significant starch-to-fat conversion is detected. An elevated content of free glycerol, however, is found in winter. In spring, starch and storage protein are mobilized completely, or almost completely, in poplar twig wood. A noteworthy pool of maltose is found transiently during autumn (up to 8 gg/mg DW) and again in spring. The results demonstrate that the individual storage materials, e.g. starch, protein, and fat, are accumulated fairly independently in the wood storage parenchyma. Tissue sugar levels, in contrast, appear to be closely related to the seasonal variations in starch content, on the one hand, and to the acclimation and deacclimation of the cells, on the other. The interrelations of the storage materials and sugars are discussed.

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The Accumulation of Storage Materials in Ray Cells of Poplar Wood (Populus x canadensis <robusta>): Effect of Ringing and Defoliation

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Hydraulic Anatomy and Function of Trees—Basics and Critical Developments

Hydraulic Anatomy and Function of Trees—Basics and Critical Developments

Coupling Sap Flow Velocity and Amino Acid Concentrations as an Alternative Method to 15N Labeling for Quantifying Nitrogen Remobilization by Walnut Trees

Storage, mobilization and interrelations of starch, sugars, protein and fat in the ray storage tissue of poplar trees

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