The accumulation process of carbohydrate in rice varieties in relation to their response to nitrogen in the tropics

Yoshida, Shigeaki; Ahn, Su Bong

doi:10.1080/00380768.1968.10432759

Cited by 49 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…5), an increase in the area of the leaf (a longer leaf), which actively conducts photosynthesis, contributed to a temporary accumulation of carbohydrates in leaf and culm in the transgenic line. Generally, the carbohydrate that accumulates in the culm and leaf sheath before heading and is transferred to the developing grains in the course of ripening accounts for up to 38% of the carbohydrate in the mature grains 32) and approximately 30% of rice grain yield. 30,31,33) Therefore, enhanced accumulation of carbohydrates in the culm and leaf sheath prior to heading would cause increases in grain weight in TIFY11b-overexpressing lines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of a Rice TIFY Gene Increases Grain Size through Enhanced Accumulation of Carbohydrates in the Stem

Hakata¹,

Kuroda²,

Ohsumi³

et al. 2012

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of a Rice TIFY Gene Increases Grain Size through Enhanced Accumulation of Carbohydrates in the Stem

Hakata¹,

Kuroda²,

Ohsumi³

et al. 2012

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…We observed much accumulation of starch in the 0.3 mM N leaves (data not shown). Yoshida and Ahn (37) reported that high starch or carbohydrate is associated with a low nitrogen content in rice leaves. Also, Sugiharto et al (31) found much accumulation of sugar phosphate in nitrogen-deficient maize leaves by pulsechase experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nitrogen Nutrition on Nitrogen Partitioning between Chloroplasts and Mitochondria in Pea and Wheat

1991

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Nitrogen partitioning among proteins in chloroplasts and mitochondria was examined in pea (Pisum sativum L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown hydroponically with different nitrogen concentrations. In pea leaves, chloroplast nitrogen accounted for 75 to 80% of total leaf nitrogen. We routinely found that 8% of total ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase adhered to thylakoids during preparation and could be removed with Triton X-100. With this precaution, the ratio of stroma nitrogen increased from 53 to 61% of total leaf nitrogen in response to the nitrogen supply, but thylakoid nitrogen remained almost constant around 20% of total. The changes in the activities of the stromal enzymes and electron transport in response to the nitrogen supply reflected the nitrogen partitioning into stroma and thylakoids. On the other hand, nitrogen partitioning into mitochondria was appreciably smaller than that in chloroplasts, and the ratio of nitrogen allocated to mitochondria decreased with increasing leaf-nitrogen content, ranging from 7 to 4% of total leaf nitrogen. The ratio of mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activities to leafnitrogen content also decreased with increasing leaf-nitrogen content. These differences in nitrogen partitioning between chloroplasts and mitochondria were reflected in differences in the rates of photosynthesis and dark respiration in wheat leaves measured with an open gas-exchange system. The response of photosynthesis to nitrogen supply was much greater than that of dark respiration, and the CO2 compensation point decreased with increasing leaf-nitrogen content.Nitrogen is the most important element for higher plants, and plant productivity is to a large extent determined by nitrogen nutrition. Photosynthesis and respiration are two major physiological processes in plants that determine plant productivity, but there are few studies of the balance between photosynthesis and respiration in relation to nitrogen nutrition. Much attention has been paid to the relationship between photosynthesis, nitrogen nutrition, and the role of Rubisco in nitrogen use efficiency (7,15,30 thylakoids (24). We have taken precautions against this problem. Nitrogen allocation to mitochondria has not been examined in previous studies, even though enzymes of photorespiratory decarboxylation are major protein components of these organelles (6, 10, 28). We anticipate that even though mitochondrial nitrogen is probably a quantitatively smaller component of total leaf nitrogen, it might be responsive to factors associated with photorespiratory activities, such as Rubisco amount and activity, and therefore to nitrogen nutrition and CO2 concentration.In this study, we grew pea and wheat hydroponically with different nitrogen concentrations at ambient CO, and examined the effects on the nitrogen distribution in chloroplasts and mitochondria. Several enzyme activities located in these organelles were also measured, and the results were related to observations of photosynthesis and respiration measured by...

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“…The distribution of starch granules in the parenchyma cells of the leaf sheath and culm reflect the state of photoassimilate translocation (Lian and Tanaka, 1967;Yoshida and Ahn, 1968;Perez et al, 1971). Starch accumulation in the stems of wild-type and gsd1-D plants was examined at the booting, flowering, and grain-filling stages.…”

Section: Isolation and Characterization Of The Gsd1-d Mutantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain setting defect1, Encoding a Remorin Protein, Affects the Grain Setting in Rice through Regulating Plasmodesmatal Conductance

et al. 2014

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Effective grain filling is one of the key determinants of grain setting in rice (Oryza sativa). Grain setting defect1 (GSD1), which encodes a putative remorin protein, was found to affect grain setting in rice. Investigation of the phenotype of a transfer DNA insertion mutant (gsd1-Dominant) with enhanced GSD1 expression revealed abnormalities including a reduced grain setting rate, accumulation of carbohydrates in leaves, and lower soluble sugar content in the phloem exudates. GSD1 was found to be specifically expressed in the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata (PD) of phloem companion cells. Experimental evidence suggests that the phenotype of the gsd1-Dominant mutant is caused by defects in the grain-filling process as a result of the impaired transport of carbohydrates from the photosynthetic site to the phloem. GSD1 functioned in affecting PD conductance by interacting with rice ACTIN1 in association with the PD callose binding protein1. Together, our results suggest that GSD1 may play a role in regulating photoassimilate translocation through the symplastic pathway to impact grain setting in rice.

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The accumulation process of carbohydrate in rice varieties in relation to their response to nitrogen in the tropics

Cited by 49 publications

References 4 publications

Overexpression of a Rice TIFY Gene Increases Grain Size through Enhanced Accumulation of Carbohydrates in the Stem

Overexpression of a Rice TIFY Gene Increases Grain Size through Enhanced Accumulation of Carbohydrates in the Stem

Effects of Nitrogen Nutrition on Nitrogen Partitioning between Chloroplasts and Mitochondria in Pea and Wheat

Grain setting defect1, Encoding a Remorin Protein, Affects the Grain Setting in Rice through Regulating Plasmodesmatal Conductance

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