“…Zeithaml et al (2000), suggest that e-service quality has several key dimensions, such as efficiency, reliability, fulfillment, privacy, contact, security, design, and trust, that require careful attention. E-service quality measurement requires a comprehensive approach using analytics, customer feedback, and continuous technological monitoring (Türkdemir et al, 2023). However, there are many challenges, such as the subjectivity of perceptions, the changing nature of the online environment, the differences across cultures, the technical complexity, and the integration of offline and online experiences (Ali K. & Kodikal, 2019).…”