The acute and prolonged effects of 20-s static stretching on muscle strength and shear elastic modulus

Sato, Shigeru; Kiyono, Ryosuke; Takahashi, Nobushige; Yoshida, Tomoichi; Takeuchi, Kosuke; Nakamura, Masatoshi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228583

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The previous studies showed that ROM significantly increased after 120% intensity or 50% intensity of SS -the intensities chosen for this study -and this result was similar to that of previous research (Kataura et al, 2017;Marchetti et al, 2019). In addition, regarding the duration of SS, a previous study reported that ROM significantly increased after 20 s SS (Sato et al, 2020), which supported our results. Therefore, it was assumed that the two SS protocols in this study were effective for increasing ROM.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…On the other hand, previous study showed that shear elastic modulus of MG was significantly decreased after 80% stretching intensity, with no significant decreases after 40 and 60% stretching intensity (Freitas et al, 2015a). Sato et al (2020) reported that shear elastic modulus was not significantly decreased after 20 s of SS, whereas Nakamura et al (2014) reported that shear elastic modulus was significantly decreased after 120 s of SS with 100% stretching intensity. Therefore, it is considered that intensity and duration of SS above a certain level is required to decrease shear elastic modulus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…We used ultrasonic shear wave elastography (Aplio 500, Toshiba Medical Systems, Tochigi, Japan) with a 5-14 MHz linear probe to measure the shear elastic modulus of MG. A previous study showed that the reliability of shear elastic modulus measurements used by the elastography device was very high [ICC (1,1) was 0.952; Sato et al, 2020]. The participants were in similar positions to those used during the measurement of DF ROM.…”

Section: Measurement Of Shear Elastic Modulus Of Medial Gastrocnemiusmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effects of Static Stretching With High-Intensity and Short-Duration or Low-Intensity and Long-Duration on Range of Motion and Muscle Stiffness

et al. 2020

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This study investigated the effects of static stretching (SS) delivered with the same load but using two protocols – high-intensity and short-duration and low-intensity and long-duration – on range of motion (ROM) and muscle stiffness. A total of 18 healthy students participated in the study. They randomly performed high-intensity and short-duration (120% and 100 s) or low-intensity and long-duration (50% and 240 s) SS. Outcomes were assessed on ROM, passive torque at dorsiflexion ROM, and shear elastic modulus of the medial gastrocnemius before and after static stretching. The results showed that ROM increased significantly at post-stretching compared to that at pre-stretching in both high-intensity and short-duration [+6.1° ± 4.6° (Δ25.7 ± 19.9%)] and low-intensity and long-duration [+3.6° ± 2.3° (Δ16.0 ± 11.8%)]. Also, the ROM was significantly higher at post-stretching in high-intensity and short-duration conditions than that in low-intensity and long-duration. The passive torque at dorsiflexion ROM was significantly increased in both high-intensity and short-duration [+5.8 ± 12.8 Nm (Δ22.9 ± 40.5%)] and low-intensity and long-duration [+2.1 ± 3.4 Nm (Δ6.9 ± 10.8%)] conditions, but no significant differences were observed between both conditions. The shear elastic modulus was significantly decreased in both high-intensity and short-duration [−8.8 ± 6.1 kPa (Δ − 38.8 ± 14.5%)] and low-intensity and long-duration [−8.0 ± 12.8 kPa (Δ − 22.2 ± 33.8%)] conditions. Moreover, the relative change in shear elastic modulus in the high-intensity and short-duration SS was significantly greater than that in low-intensity and long-duration SS. Our results suggest that a higher intensity of the static stretching should be conducted to increase ROM and decrease muscle stiffness, even for a short time.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Measurement Of Shear Elastic Modulus Of Medial Gastrocnemiusmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effects of Static Stretching With High-Intensity and Short-Duration or Low-Intensity and Long-Duration on Range of Motion and Muscle Stiffness

et al. 2020

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“…We measured the shear elastic modulus of the MG using ultrasonic shear wave elastography (SWE) (Aplio 500, Toshiba Medical Systems, Tochigi, Japan) using a 5–14 MHz linear probe using the same sitting position as was used for muscle strength measurement. Then, we measured the shear elastic modulus of the MG at 30% of the lower leg length from the popliteal crease to the lateral malleolus near the point of the maximal cross-sectional area of the lower leg [ 12 , 13 ]. We obtained elastographic images in duplicate of the state of the long-axis image of the MG and obtained ultrasound images using custom, image analysis software (MSI Analyzer version 5.0, Rehabilitation Science Research Institute, Japan).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Associations between Rapid Strength Development and Muscle Stiffness in Older Population

et al. 2021

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Background: Previous studies suggest that the capacity for rapid force production of ankle plantar flexors is essential for the prevention of falls in the elderly. In healthy young adults, there were significant associations between rate of force development and muscle stiffness measured by shear wave elastography. However, there has been no study investigating the association of rate of force development with shear elastic modulus in older adults. Methods: The muscle strength and shear elastic modulus of the medial gastrocnemius muscle in both legs were measured in 17 elderly men and 10 elderly women (mean ± SD; 70.7 ± 4.1 years; 160.6 ± 8.0 cm; 58.7 ± 9.5 kg). We investigated the rate of force development of plantar flexors and shear elastic modulus of medial gastrocnemius muscle using by shear wave elastography. Results: Our results showed that there were no significant associations between normalized rate of force development and shear elastic modulus of medial gastrocnemius muscle. Conclusion: This suggests that the capacity of rapid force production could be related not to muscle stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius muscle, but to neuromuscular function in older individuals.

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“…In fact, Takeuchi et al [22] reported that 20 seconds of SS in hamstrings does not change muscle-tendon unit stiffness. Moreover, Sato et al [24] examined the influence of SS for 20 seconds in gastrocnemius muscle on shear elastic modulus, which is an indicator as a passive property of the muscle measured by using shear wave elastography, and showed the shear elastic modulus did not change after the stretching. These data suggest that SS for 20 seconds used as a part of a warm-up routine does not change muscle-tendon unit stiffness and may not be able to prevent injury as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The optimal duration of high-intensity static stretching in hamstrings

Takeuchi¹,

Nakamura²

2020

PLoS ONE

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The purpose of this study was to compare the duration of high-intensity static stretching on flexibility and strength in the hamstrings. Methods Fourteen healthy males (20.8 ± 0.6 years, 170.7 ± 6.5 cm, 66.4 ± 9.9 kg) underwent highintensity static stretching for three different durations (10, 15, and 20 seconds). The intensity of static stretching was set at the maximum point of discomfort. To examine the change in flexibility and strength, range of motion, peak passive torque, relative passive torque, muscle-tendon unit stiffness, peak torque of isokinetic knee flexion, and knee angle at peak torque of isokinetic knee flexion were measured. To evaluate a time course of pain, a numerical rating scale was described. Results Range of motion (P < 0.01), peak passive torque (P < 0.01), and knee angle at peak torque were increased at all interventions. Relative passive torque (P < 0.01) and muscle-tendon unit stiffness (P < 0.01) were decreased at all interventions. Peak torque decreased after 10 seconds of stretching (P < 0.05). Numerical rating scale during stretching was 8-9 levels in all interventions, the pain disappeared immediately after the post-measurements (median = 0). Conclusion The results suggested that muscle-tendon unit stiffness decreased regardless of duration of high-intensity static stretching. However, peak torque of isokinetic knee flexion decreased after 10 seconds of high-intensity static stretching, though it was no change after for more than 15 seconds of stretching.

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The acute and prolonged effects of 20-s static stretching on muscle strength and shear elastic modulus

Cited by 41 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of Static Stretching With High-Intensity and Short-Duration or Low-Intensity and Long-Duration on Range of Motion and Muscle Stiffness

Effects of Static Stretching With High-Intensity and Short-Duration or Low-Intensity and Long-Duration on Range of Motion and Muscle Stiffness

The Associations between Rapid Strength Development and Muscle Stiffness in Older Population

The optimal duration of high-intensity static stretching in hamstrings

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