The addition of cottonseed hulls to the starter and supplementation of live yeast or mannanoligosaccharide in the milk for young calves

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of the addition of cottonseed hulls (CSH) to the starter and the supplementation of live yeast product (YST) or mannanoligosaccharide product (MOS) to milk, on growth, intake, rumen development, and health parameters in young calves. Holstein (n = 116) and Jersey (n = 46) bull (n = 74) and heifer (n = 88) calves were assigned randomly within sex at birth to treatments. All calves were fed 3.8 L of colostrum daily for the first 2 d. Holstein calves were fed 3.8 L of whole milk, and Jersey calves were fed 2.8 L of whole milk through weaning at 42 d. Calves continued on trial through 63 d. Six treatments were arranged as a 2 x 3 factorial. Calves received either a corn-soybean meal-based starter (21% crude protein and 6% acid detergent fiber; -CSH) or a blend of 85% corn-soybean meal-based starter and 15% CSH (18% crude protein and 14% acid detergent fiber; +CSH) ad libitum. In addition, calves received whole milk with either no supplement (NONE) or supplemented with 3 g/d of mannanoligosaccharide product (MOS) or 4 g/d of live yeast product (YST) through weaning at 42 d. Twelve Holstein steers [n = 6 (per starter type); n = 4 (per supplement type)] were euthanized for collection and examination of rumen tissue samples. Dry matter intake (DMI) was greater for Holstein calves fed +CSH (0.90 kg/d) than -CSH (0.76 kg/d). Final body weight at 63 d of Holstein calves fed +CSH (75.8 kg) was greater than that of those fed -CSH (71.0 kg). Average daily gain (ADG) was greater for Holstein calves fed +CSH (0.58 kg/d) than -CSH (0.52 kg/d). However, Holstein calves fed -CSH had a greater feed efficiency (FE; 0.71 kg of ADG/kg of DMI) than those fed +CSH (0.65 kg of ADG/kg of DMI). Also, Holstein calves fed +CSH had narrower rumen papillae (0.32 mm) compared with those fed -CSH (0.41 mm). There were no significant effects of CSH on DMI, ADG, or FE in Jersey calves. There were no significant effects of YST or MOS on DMI, ADG, FE, or rumen papillae measures in Holstein calves. Jersey calves fed YST or MOS had greater final body weight at 63 d (51.2 kg and 51.0 kg, respectively) than calves fed NONE (47.5 kg). However, there were no significant effects of YST or MOS on DMI, ADG, or FE in Jersey calves.

Evaluation of mannan-oligosaccharides offered in milk replacers or calf starters and their effect on performance and rumen development of dairy calves

“…The absence of significant effects for the addition of mannan-oligosaccharides in the diet of calves during the pre-weaning period was also observed in other studies (Sandi & Mülbach, 2001;Hill et al, 2009). However, these authors observed values numerically higher for starter intake for the calves supplemented with mannanoligosaccharides, likewise in the present study.…”

“…Dildey et al (1997) observed good results in performance, fecal score and reduction in mortality rate of dairy calves fed mannanoligosaccharides. In contrast, Hill et al (2009), in a recent study, concluded that Holstein calves do not respond to their inclusion in the milk replacer in regard to body growth, starter concentrate intake, rumen development and health parameters.…”

“…Mannan-oligosaccharides are obtained by centrifugation of fragments of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Hill et al, 2009), which are then washed and spray-dried (Spring et al, 2000).…”

Desempenho e desenvolvimento ruminal de bezerros em sistema de desaleitamento precoce recebendo aditivos alternativos aos antibióticos

“…Os mananoligossacarídeos (MOS) fazem parte da fração carboidrato da parede celular, e são obtidos por meio da centrifugação de fragmentos de Saccharomyces cerevisae (HILL et al, 2009), que são posteriormente lavados e desidratados pelo método spray dry (SPRING et al, 2000). São formados por carboidratos não fermentáveis para alguns grupos de bactérias e apresentam como componente principal a D-mannose.…”

“…Estudos com a inclusão de MOS tem apresentado bons resultados quanto ao desempenho, consumo de concentrado inicial e melhoras no escore de diarréia (KILLEN et al, 1994;SANDI;MÜHLBACH, 2001) para bezerros leiteiros da raça Holandês. Entretanto, em estudo recente, Hill et al (2009) compararam o efeito da suplementação com mananoligossacarideos a probiótico (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), em bezerros da raça Holandês e Jersey, quanto ao crescimento, ingestão de alimentos, desenvolvimento do rúmen e parâmetros de saúde na fase de aleitamento. Este estudo indicou que a suplementação do leite com MOS ou levedura pode beneficiar bezerros da raça Jersey, em todos os parâmetros avaliados, o que não foi observado em bezerros da raça Holandês.…”