The Administration of Justice in the Reign of Akbar and Awrangzeb: An Overview

Munir, Muhammad

doi:10.2139/ssrn.1792411

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…the subject where he states that: "These Vakils had to give free legal advice to the poor. They were appointed by the Chief Qazi of the Province or sometimes by the Chief Justice (Qazi-ul-Quzat)" (Munir, 2012). Today in Pakistan and India, such Lawyers are State prosecutors, and State gives them remuneration.…”

Section: Muhammad Munir Has Written An Excellent Article Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lawyers' Tale in the History of Indian Subcontinent: An Analytical Study of the Mughal Imperial System and Classical Hindu Law

Arif

Shahbaz

Gardazi

2022

GLSR

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Lawyers do have many skills, but their training and work are client-centered. Therefore, the major considerations remain in the interests of clients. Lawyers did play an important role in the administration of justice.The history of the legal profession and the role of Lawyers has been expounded by many scholars in their writings.However, this article focuses on representation through Lawyers in British India and analyses textual data of classical Hindu law. In the reign of Mughal emperors, particularly Muhiyuddin Muhammad Awrangzib (1658-1707), representation through lawyers was recognized, and even to date, the role of lawyers plays a significant rolein order to secure ends of justice and prevention of abuses. The paper critically discusses representation by lawyers, their role and their duties in British India. In particular, it analyses the text of classical Hindu law by contextualizing the text of Classical Hindu Books. Finally, it establishes that for the first time in the reign of Aurangzeb, Vakil-e-Sarkar or Vakil-e Shara were appointed as lawyers (Vakils) to defend the State in the suits filed in every district. It also finds that classical Hindu law recognizes representation through lawyers.

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Section: Muhammad Munir Has Written An Excellent Article Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lawyers' Tale in the History of Indian Subcontinent: An Analytical Study of the Mughal Imperial System and Classical Hindu Law

Arif

Shahbaz

Gardazi

2022

GLSR

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“…In Aurangzeb's era, courts were extremely independent, having no comparison in the entire Empire. The courts were so independent that it had even declined Aurangzeb's personal desire of execution of a convict, to whom the court had already awarded death sentence (Munir, 2012). Since inception of the Muslim Empire in the subcontinent, cases were categorized as civil, criminal, political, and administrative in nature.…”

Section: Judicial Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…capital punishments, was also considered as a final forum of Appeal (Munir, 2012). It is unimaginable that appearing just once in a week in court to address the sufferings of subjects across the huge territory of the subcontinent was sufficient to foster welfare of the people and to dispense with expedited justice.…”

Section: Judicial Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…India firmly remained in the hands of the Mughals until1706, after which it gradually descended into the hands of the British. The British formally took over India in 1857 after the native defeat in the War of Independence (Munir, 2012). History explicate that the Muslim rule was at its apex during the period of the Great Mughals and there arrived a golden period of people-oriented reforms in all aspects of administration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mughal Administration of Justice: An Appraisal

Munir

2020

GSSSR

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In the history of the Indian subcontinent, the claims that the science of administration of justice reached its apex during the period of the Great Mughals are critically investigated in this paper. Though the Mughals initiatives were oriented to public and social welfare, their absolute authority over the state cast shadows on the system they introduced, one of which was administration of justice. With the help of qualitative research methodology, this article examines whether the Mughal system of administration was meant to dispense with justice and uphold welfare of the people or it was just a replica of the police state where sovereignty was exercised in a dictatorial manner.

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“…Until 1706, the Mughals firmly ruled this region, but the internal strife among princes coupled with other external matters the Mughal authority gradually eroded and the British extended their influence on the other hand. The last attempt to save the Subcontinent from the British, the War of Independence 1857, also failed resulting in establishment of British Rule over here (Munir, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Islamic Laws through Judiciary in Pakistan: A Case Study of Riba

Munir¹

2020

PSSR

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The Administration of Justice in the Reign of Akbar and Awrangzeb: An Overview

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Lawyers' Tale in the History of Indian Subcontinent: An Analytical Study of the Mughal Imperial System and Classical Hindu Law

Lawyers' Tale in the History of Indian Subcontinent: An Analytical Study of the Mughal Imperial System and Classical Hindu Law

The Mughal Administration of Justice: An Appraisal

Application of Islamic Laws through Judiciary in Pakistan: A Case Study of Riba

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