The adolescent behavioral repertoire as a context for drug exposure: behavioral autarcesis at play

Chen, Chuan Yu; Dormitzer, Catherine M.; Gutiérrez, Ulises; Vittetoe, Kenneth; Gonzalez, Gonzalo; Anthony, James C.

doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00774.x

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, only recently has delinquency been investigated in relation to early drug use opportunities and not necessarily drug use per se (Chen et al, 2004;Neumark et al, 2012;Rosenberg and Anthony, 2001). Our results reiterated the importance of such early problems, as delinquent youth emerged as the likely targets for cannabis offers.…”

Section: Cannabis Offerssupporting

confidence: 56%

Who receives cannabis use offers: A general population study of adolescents

Andreas¹,

Pape²

2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background: Drug use is predicated on a combination of "willingness" and "opportunity". That is, independent of any desire to use drugs, a drug use opportunity is required; be it indirect (i.e., being in a drug-use setting) or direct (i.e., receiving a direct drug offer). However, whether some youth are more likely to encounter such direct drug use opportunities is not fully known. Aims:We examined whether certain characteristics placed adolescents at greater risk for being offered cannabis, after accounting for a number of demographic-, contextual-, interpersonal-, and personal-level risk factors. Methods:We utilized data from a Norwegian school survey (N=19,309) where the likelihood of receiving cannabis offer in the past year was estimated using logistic regression models. Substantive focus was on the individual and combined effects of personal (i.e., delinquency) and interpersonal (i.e., cannabis-using close friend) risk factors. Separate models were fit for middle-and high-school students.Results: Delinquency was a significant risk factor for receiving cannabis offers, as was a cannabis-using best friend. In addition, peer cannabis use increased the risk of cannabis offers mostly for adolescents on the lower delinquency spectrum, but less so for highly-delinquent adolescents. These interaction effects were primarily driven by the middle-school cohort. Conclusions:Cannabis offers were more likely to be extended to youth of certain high-risk profiles.Targeted prevention strategies can therefore be extended to a general profile of younger adolescents with externalizing problems and cannabis-using peers.

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Section: Cannabis Offerssupporting

confidence: 56%

Who receives cannabis use offers: A general population study of adolescents

Andreas¹,

Pape²

2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Past research among Central American adolescents from the PACARDO Project has shown that among adolescents aged 12-20 years who were attending school, over half (51.5%) had tried alcohol, 29.1% had tried tobacco, and 4.6% had tried marijuana [1]. (The PACARDO name concatenates PA for Panamá, CA for Centroamérica, and RDO for República Dominicana.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent Substance Use: Findings from a Study in Selected Central American Countries

Kliewer

Murrelle

2007

Journal of Adolescent Health

136

106

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“…Protective factors include being married (Judd et al, 2002;Teesson, Dietrich, Degenhardt, Lynskey, and Beard, 2002), having children, and having religious involvement (Chen et al, 2004;Galen and Rogers, 2004), as well as higher education ( In this paper we examine prevalence of hazardous use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs among demographic subgroups, in a large, representative sample of patients using the primary care service of the public health system in Cape Town, South Africa. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In South Africa, the racial categories defined under apartheid-Black, Colored (mixed race), Indian, and White-have a long association in South Africa with access both to alcohol and to treatment (Mager, 2004). Different race groups may demonstrate different prevalence or responses to risk factors by gender (Flisher, Parry, Evans, Muller, and Lombard, 2003).Young adults who use substances may be more at risk for other health risks such as sexual risk behaviors, violence, and suicide (Flisher, Ziervogel, Chalton, Leger, and Robertson, 1996).Protective factors include being married (Judd et al, 2002;Teesson, Dietrich, Degenhardt, Lynskey, and Beard, 2002), having children, and having religious involvement (Chen et al, 2004;Galen and Rogers, 2004), as well as higher education ( In this paper we examine prevalence of hazardous use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs among demographic subgroups, in a large, representative sample of patients using the primary care service of the public health system in Cape Town, South Africa. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protective factors include being married (Judd et al, 2002;Teesson, Dietrich, Degenhardt, Lynskey, and Beard, 2002), having children, and having religious involvement (Chen et al, 2004;Galen and Rogers, 2004), as well as higher education (Judd et al; Teesson, Dietrich, Degenhardt, Lynskey, and Beard), employment (Judd et al; Teesson, Dietrich, Degenhardt, Lynskey, and Beard), higher socioeconomic status (Flisher, Parry, Evans, Muller, and Lombard, 2003;Furr-Holden and Anthony, 2003;Judd et al), manageable stressors (Goeders, 2004;Judd et al), and not feeling depressed or anxious (Brady and Sinha, 2005). Both stressors and depression or anxiety are also associated with greater use of primary care services (Zantinge, Verhaak, and Bensing, 2005;Brantley et al, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Correlates of Substance Use Among South African Primary Care Clinic Patients

Ward

Mertens

Flisher

et al. 2008

Substance Use & Misuse

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We aimed to assess prevalence and correlates of hazardous use of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs in a primary care population in Cape Town, South Africa. Stratified random sampling was used to select 14 of the 49 clinics in the public health sector in Cape Town, and every "nth" patient, with those ages 18-25 oversampled (N = 2,618). Data were collected from December 2003 through 2004, using the World Health Organization Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Hazardous use of tobacco was most common, followed by alcohol and then other drugs. Hazardous tobacco use was associated with the 18-25 years age group, no religious involvement, high school completion, and higher stress. Hazardous alcohol use was associated with male gender, younger men, no religious involvement, employment, some high school education, and higher stress. Hazardous use of other drugs was associated with Colored (mixed) race (particularly among men), no religious involvement, employment, and stress. For all substances, women, particularly Black women, had the lowest rates of hazardous use. Although the study is cross-sectional, it does identify groups that may be at high risk of substance misuse and for whom intervention is urgent. Because prevalence of substance use is high in this population, routine screening should be introduced in primary care clinics. (Parry, 2005;Sitas et al., 2004). Cannabis and methaqualone are the most frequently identified illicit drugs in drugrelated arrests, psychiatric diagnoses, and trauma patients (Parry et al., 2002), but treatment demand for cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine use is increasing Parry, Myers, and Plüddemann, 2004).Primary health care services provide an advantageous location for intervening in substance use (Whitlock, Polen, Green, Orleans, and Klein, 2004;Fleming et al., 2002). In South Africa, the public health sector is the main provider of primary care (Health Systems Trust, 2004), yet no data are available on prevalence of substance misuse among South African patients.Risk factors are those associated with increased likelihood of negative health behaviors or outcomes, whereas protective factors are those that are associated with increased likelihood of positive health behaviors or outcomes, or with decreased likelihood of negative health behaviors or outcomes (Kirby, 2001). Although the association with disease occurrence may not be causal, such correlates are useful for identifying high-risk groups or factors that may be usefully targeted in intervention strategies. Risk and protective factors influencing substance use have not been much studied in the developing world (De Lima, Dunn, Novo, Tomasi, and Reisser, 2003).Personal characteristics identified as risk factors may include age, race, and gender. In South Africa, the racial categories defined under apartheid-Black, Colored (mixed race), Indian, and White-have a long association in South Africa with access both to alcohol and to treatment (Mager, 2004). Different race groups may demonstrate differen...

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The adolescent behavioral repertoire as a context for drug exposure: behavioral autarcesis at play

Abstract: The study evidence lends some support for behavioral autarcesis. Manipulation of selected ABR dimensions might help prevent or reduce adolescent drug involvement, enhancing autarcesis as a protective mechanism.

Cited by 38 publications

References 35 publications

Who receives cannabis use offers: A general population study of adolescents

Who receives cannabis use offers: A general population study of adolescents

Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent Substance Use: Findings from a Study in Selected Central American Countries

Prevalence and Correlates of Substance Use Among South African Primary Care Clinic Patients

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