The ADP-Ribosylating Toxins of Salmonella

Cheng, Rachel A.; Wiedmann, Martin

doi:10.3390/toxins11070416

Cited by 18 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…Typhoid toxin was first found in serovar Typhi, and only limited serovars, including at least 47 NTS serovars from multiple serogroup or clades, carry unique toxins [ 38–41 ]. Interesting, serovar Panama, which was recently recognized as an extraintestinal iNTS, also carries cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) homology [ 41, 42 ]. Here, our comparative genomics approach, for the first time, revealed that all S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic characterization of Salmonella Uzaramo for human invasive infection

Chen²,

Pan

et al. 2020

Microbial Genomics

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Salmonella is composed of a wide variety of serovars, causing human self-limited gastrointestinal illnesses or invasive infections. Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) is well documented, with high mortality for children and immunocompromised adults in sub-Saharan Africa and has recently been reported in Southeast Asia. However, iNTS in China remains unknown. In May 2019, a case of invasive infection caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Uzaramo (S. Uzaramo) was reported for the first time in China. Phylogenomic analysis was performed by genomic sequencing the available contextualized isolates, which separated the two Chinese strains into different sublineages. Both phenotypic and genomic characterization demonstrated that the S. Uzaramo isolates showed in general low antimicrobial resistance potential, except one isolated from lake-water in China. Additional comparative genomic analysis and Caenorhabditis elegans killing assays suggested a unique combination of virulence factors, including typhoid toxin and tcf fimbrial adhesin, which might play a role in the invasive infection. This study highlights that the transparency of global surveillance genomic data could accelerate understanding of virulence and antimicrobial resistance makeup of a previously unknown threat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic characterization of Salmonella Uzaramo for human invasive infection

Chen²,

Pan

et al. 2020

Microbial Genomics

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“…Surprisingly, a novel T3SS effector protein (Afp17) containing an ADP-ribosyltransferase domain, was discovered in the strains lacking the VopS homolog. The bacterial proteins carrying this domain are usually toxins, known as ADP-ribosylating toxins, that covalently transfer the ADP-ribose portion of NAD to host proteins and result in a variety of cytotoxic effects (Deng and Barbieri, 2008); for example, many T3SS effectors, including AexT of Aeromonas salmonicida, ExoS, and ExoT of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and SpvB of Salmonella spp., have been verified for their toxin activities (Kaufman et al, 2000;Krall et al, 2000;Burr et al, 2003;Cheng and Wiedmann, 2019). In addition, a strong type III secretion signal was found in the N-terminal of almost all under-investigated Afp17 from several different Vibrio species (Supplemental Table 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Type III Secretion 1 Effector Gene Diversity Among Vibrio Isolates From Coastal Areas in China

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Vibrios, which include more than 120 valid species, are an abundant and diverse group of bacteria in marine and estuarine environments. Some of these bacteria have been recognized as pathogens of both marine animals and humans, and therefore, their virulence mechanisms have attracted increasing attention. The type III secretion system (T3SS) is an important virulence determinant in many gram-negative bacteria, in which this system directly translocates variable effectors into the host cytosol for the manipulation of the cellular responses. In this study, the distribution of the T3SS gene cluster was first examined in 110 Vibrio strains of 26 different species, including 98 strains isolated from coastal areas in China. Several T3SS1 genes, but not T3SS2 genes (T3SS2α and T3SS2β), were universally detected in all the strains of four species, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, and Vibrio campbellii. The effector coding regions within the T3SS1 gene clusters from the T3SS1-positive strains were further analyzed, revealing that variations in the effectors of Vibrio T3SS1 were observed among the four Vibrio species, even between different strains in V. harveyi, according to their genetic organization. Importantly, Afp17, a potential novel effector that may exert a similar function as the known effector VopS in T3SS1-induced cell death, based on cytotoxicity assay results, was found in the effector coding region of the T3SS1 in some V. harveyi and V. campbellii strains. Finally, it was revealed that differences in T3SS1-mediated cytotoxicity were dependent not only on the variations in the effectors of Vibrio T3SS1 but also on the initial adhesion ability to host cells, which is another prerequisite condition. Altogether, our results contribute to the clarification of the diversity of T3SS1 effectors and a better understanding of the differences in cytotoxicity among Vibrio species.

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“…A total of 28 tRNAs were identified in the phage genome. No toxins such as the ADP-ribosylating toxins ( 9 ) or virulence-related proteins ( 10 ), which are specific to S. enterica , were identified in the OSY-STA genome. Average nucleotide identity analysis, performed with the JSpeciesWS tool ( http://jspecies.ribohost.com/jspeciesws ), revealed similarity of OSY-STA to two T5-like phages, namely, Salmonella phages 3-29 (97.2%) and BSP22A (96.88%).…”

Section: Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%