The adsorption of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>bacteriophage ÏKMV is dependent on expression regulation of type IV pili genes

Chibeu, Andrew; Ceyssens, Pieter‐Jan; Hertveldt, Kirsten; Volckaert, Guido; Cornélis, Pierre; Matthijs, Sandra; Lavigne, Rob

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01640.x

Cited by 47 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Although not definitively established for Pf4, many filamentous phages, including those associated with P. aeruginosa, use type IV pili for attachment and subsequent infection (42)(43)(44). Intriguingly, loss of surface structures such as flagella and pili has been associated with loss of cell death within biofilms; this effect was attributed to failed bacteriophage infection (45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-specific parallel evolution drives short-term diversification during Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation

McElroy

Hui

Woo

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

113

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Generation of genetic diversity is a prerequisite for bacterial evolution and adaptation. Short-term diversification and selection within populations is, however, largely uncharacterised, as existing studies typically focus on fixed substitutions. Here, we use whole-genome deep-sequencing to capture the spectrum of mutations arising during biofilm development for two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. This approach identified single nucleotide variants with frequencies from 0.5% to 98.0% and showed that the clinical strain 18A exhibits greater genetic diversification than the type strain PA01, despite its lower per base mutation rate. Mutations were found to be strain specific: the mucoid strain 18A experienced mutations in alginate production genes and a c-di-GMP regulator gene; while PA01 acquired mutations in PilT and PilY1, possibly in response to a rapid expansion of a lytic Pf4 bacteriophage, which may use type IV pili for infection. The Pf4 population diversified with an evolutionary rate of 2.43 × 10 −3 substitutions per site per day, which is comparable to single-stranded RNA viruses. Extensive within-strain parallel evolution, often involving identical nucleotides, was also observed indicating that mutation supply is not limiting, which was contrasted by an almost complete lack of noncoding and synonymous mutations. Taken together, these results suggest that the majority of the P. aeruginosa genome is constrained by negative selection, with strong positive selection acting on an accessory subset of genes that facilitate adaptation to the biofilm lifecycle. Long-term bacterial evolution is known to proceed via few, nonsynonymous, positively selected mutations, and here we show that similar dynamics govern shortterm, within-population bacterial diversification.dispersal | prophage | haplotypes D iversifying selection within bacterial populations underpins a range of ecological and clinical phenomena, for example niche adaptation (1-3) and antibiotic resistance (4). During diversifying selection, a single population explores multiple fitness peaks, resulting in subpopulations with different adaptive mutations. This kind of within-population genetic diversity can provide the raw material on which long-term evolution acts. However, diversifying selection of bacterial populations is still poorly understood, because previous experimental evolution and epidemiological studies typically have focused on fixed substitutions at the end point of evolution (5), ignoring short-term or withinpopulation effects.Laboratory-grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms provide an ideal model for investigating within-population diversification. The bacterium P. aeruginosa is a widespread, Gram-negative generalist and can have either a planktonic, motile lifestyle or exist as a biofilm (i.e., a surface-attached cells embedded within an extracellular polymeric matrix). P. aeruginosa has been the focus of extensive research, because of both its status as a model organism and its ability to form opportunistic, chronic, often lethal biof...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-specific parallel evolution drives short-term diversification during Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation

McElroy

Hui

Woo

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

113

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“…Xylella and Xanthomonas share a common origin and have diverged, with X. fastidiosa having a reduced genome that may reflect a xylem-limited lifestyle (56,57). Despite their divergence, both have retained type IV pili (58-62), which have been previously identified as phage receptors (63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70). Phages Sano, Salvo, Prado, and Paz are type IV pilus dependent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Novel Virulent Broad-Host-Range Phages of Xylella fastidiosa and Xanthomonas

Ahern

Das

Bhowmick

et al. 2013

Journal of Bacteriology

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The xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is the causal agent of several plant diseases, most notably Pierce's disease of grape and citrus variegated chlorosis. We report the isolation and characterization of the first virulent phages for X. fastidiosa, siphophages Sano and Salvo and podophages Prado and Paz, with a host range that includes Xanthomonas spp. Phages propagated on homologous hosts had observed adsorption rate constants of ϳ4 ؋ 10 ؊12 ml cell ؊1 min ؊1 for X. fastidiosa strain Temecula 1 and ϳ5 ؋ 10 ؊10 to 7 ؋ 10 ؊10 ml cell ؊1 min ؊1 for Xanthomonas strain EC-12. Sano and Salvo exhibit >80% nucleotide identity to each other in aligned regions and are syntenic to phage BcepNazgul. We propose that phage BcepNazgul is the founding member of a novel phage type, to which Sano and Salvo belong. The lysis genes of the Nazgul-like phage type include a gene that encodes an outer membrane lipoprotein endolysin and also spanin gene families that provide insight into the evolution of the lysis pathway for phages of Gram-negative hosts. Prado and Paz, although exhibiting no significant DNA homology to each other, are new members of the phiKMV-like phage type, based on the position of the single-subunit RNA polymerase gene. The four phages are type IV pilus dependent for infection of both X. fastidiosa and Xanthomonas. The phages may be useful as agents for an effective and environmentally responsible strategy for the control of diseases caused by X. fastidiosa.T he plant-pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is the causative agent of a number of economically important diseases, including Pierce's disease of grape, phony peach disease, periwinkle wilt, citrus variegated chlorosis, almond leaf scorch, oleander leaf scorch, and coffee leaf scorch (1). Existing disease control methods are often only partially successful and, in the case of systemic insecticides used to control vector populations, may be potentially harmful to the environment (2, 3). Recently, there has been renewed interest in the application of bacteriophages (phage) as an environmentally acceptable mode for the control of bacterial plant disease (4).To this end, our group isolated and characterized the first temperate (lysogenic) phage of X. fastidiosa, Xfas53 (5). However, temperate phage should not be used as biocontrol agents because of their capacity for lysogenic conversion, superinfection immunity, and risk of generalized transduction. Instead, virulent (lytic) phages are needed for an effective and sustainable phage-based control strategy (6). Here we report the isolation and characterization of the first virulent siphophages and podophages for X. fastidiosa that are members of the Nazgul-like phage and the phiKMV-like phage types, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains and culture conditions. Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study are listed in Table 1. X. fastidiosa strains were cultured at 28°C in PW-M broth (PW-MB) (7) or on PW-M agar (PW-MA) plates (PW-MB with 20 g/liter plant cell culture-tested agar [...

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“…These macromolecules mediate fundamental processes such as bacterium-bacterium interaction, iron acquisition, adhesion, and motility. Moreover, these macromolecules are surface exposed and, as such, are under selective pressure as the targets of phage predation and immune recognition (42,72,117,168). The genes responsible for the synthesis and, in the case of pili and flagella, posttranslational modification of each of these macromolecules are grouped together in gene clusters known as "replacement islands" (Table 2) (201).…”

Section: Replacement Islandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Accessory Genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Kung¹,

Ozer

Hauser

2010

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

276

303

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SUMMARY Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains exhibit significant variability in pathogenicity and ecological flexibility. Such interstrain differences reflect the dynamic nature of the P. aeruginosa genome, which is composed of a relatively invariable “core genome” and a highly variable “accessory genome.” Here we review the major classes of genetic elements comprising the P. aeruginosa accessory genome and highlight emerging themes in the acquisition and functional importance of these elements. Although the precise phenotypes endowed by the majority of the P. aeruginosa accessory genome have yet to be determined, rapid progress is being made, and a clearer understanding of the role of the P. aeruginosa accessory genome in ecology and infection is emerging.

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The adsorption ofPseudomonas aeruginosabacteriophage ÏKMV is dependent on expression regulation of type IV pili genes

Cited by 47 publications

References 40 publications

Strain-specific parallel evolution drives short-term diversification during Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation

Strain-specific parallel evolution drives short-term diversification during Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation

Characterization of Novel Virulent Broad-Host-Range Phages of Xylella fastidiosa and Xanthomonas

The Accessory Genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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The adsorption ofPseudomonas aeruginosabacteriophage ÏKMV is dependent on expression regulation of type IV pili genes

Cited by 47 publications

References 40 publications

Strain-specific parallel evolution drives short-term diversification during Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation

Strain-specific parallel evolution drives short-term diversification during Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation

Characterization of Novel Virulent Broad-Host-Range Phages of Xylella fastidiosa and Xanthomonas

The Accessory Genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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The adsorption ofPseudomonas aeruginosabacteriophage ÏKMV is dependent on expression regulation of type IV pili genes