The Advanced Life Support Research and Technology Development Metric for Government Fiscal Year 2002

Hanford, Anthony J.; Yeh, H. Y.; Brown, Christine Ann; Ewert, Michael K.

doi:10.4271/2003-01-2632

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…As Table 1C shows, subsequent reports utilized the same values as given in Hanford (2004B), although it is not clear why Hanford (2004A) and Hanford (2005) left out dishwashing water. In addition, Lange et al (2003) provide additional details on oxygen requirements (Table 1A).…”

Section: Summary Of Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar data were available for the other vehicles. Note that in Tables 5 and 6, that Hanford (2005) did not distinguish between the mass of the storage tank and the mass of the resource stored within the tank. Therefore it is difficult to infer the mass of the back-up cache in these systems.…”

Section: Als Estimates Of Lss Mass For Mars Missionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An overall comparison of data from Hanford (2005) and Hanford (2004C), including a breakdown of masses for storage vs. physical plant is provided in Table 7. The ALS does not calculate the total amount of resource that would be required if there were no recycling.…”

Section: Als Estimates Of Lss Mass For Mars Missionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mars life support systems

Rapp¹

2006

Mars

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Background: A critical element of planning human missions to Mars involves life support systems. The requirements for air, food, water and waste disposal materials in human missions to Mars total well over 100 metric tons and possibly as much as 200 metric tons. Translated back into an equivalent mass required in low Earth orbit, this figure would increase by at least a factor of seven, depending on mission architecture, requiring at least half a dozen heavy-lift launches solely for life support, and thus driving the cost and complexity of human missions to Mars beyond any reasonable limit. Recycling and possibly in situ utilization of indigenous Mars water resources are therefore critical enabling capabilities for human missions to Mars. Previous "design reference missions" assumed that high-performance life support systems would function flawlessly for the ~ 2.7 year round trip to Mars. However, life support systems developed for the International Space Station do not appear to have the longevity and reliability needed for Mars. As NASA moves forward with the current human exploration initiative, we need some means of estimating the required mass of life support system that goes beyond wild optimistic guesses. NASA's Advanced Life Support (ALS) project has been advancing the technology of recycling of water and air resources in human space missions for some time. Emphasis has been placed on recovery percentage and trace contaminant removal.

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Section: Summary Of Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Als Estimates Of Lss Mass For Mars Missionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mars life support systems

Rapp¹

2006

Mars

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“…[38][39][40] In each case, specific masses were derived based on the key parameter selected by the GA. For example, a salad machine was sized kg with an area of 7.5 m 2 . Our assumption is that half of this area will be devoted to both lettuce and tomato crops.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[38][39][40] In each case, specific masses were derived based on the key parameter selected by the GA. For example, a salad machine was sized in the 2004 determination of the ALS Metric. 38 This salad machine had a mass of 555.15…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Genetic Algorithms and Transient Models for Life-Support Systems Analysis

Rodríguez¹,

Bell

Kortenkamp

2006

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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Direct experimentation with physical systems is slow, expensive, and must wait until the physical system is built. Simulations allow for the testing of different system configurations before hardware is built. This is useful where malfunctions are reliably expected, costs are high, or where the integrated systems are unavailable. Thus, it is important that such simulations are transient and integrate all major subsystems and activities. This paper describes a habitat model that is transient, discrete, stochastic, and non-stationary. It models most of the components of a life support system including the crew, crops, water and air recovery systems, extravehicular activities and power. Since the model accepts non-stationary input, it can be used to test habitat configurations and components before building an actual habitat. Malfunctions can be injected at any time. A genetic algorithm is utilized here to find an optimal habitat configuration for a ninety day mission to the Moon. Approximately 20,000 system configurations were considered in a series of experiments considering several Lunar scenarios. It has been shown that a tuned genetic algorithm is capable of preliminary sizing several life support components. In addition, the fitness function serves as proxy for equivalent system mass, a metric related to launch costs. * Assistant Professor, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 376B Agricultural Engineering Sciences Building, MC-644, 1304 IntroductionNASA has embarked on a new exploration strategy that will return people to the Moon and eventually to Mars.1 A key component of a successful exploration strategy is life support systems, which drive launch mass and mission cost. And a key aspect of life support systems is sizing and optimization of the interconnected life support components. Technology choices, buffer sizes, power plant sizing, crop planting area and subsystem flow rates all need to be determined in order to design an appropriate and optimal system that meets mission requirements. Often these decisions are made using steady state simulations and labor intensive searches. 2 Our hypothesis is that dynamic, transient models and automated search tools, such as genetic algorithms, can assist in the design of habitat life support systems. To explore our hypothesis we: 1) created a generic, dynamic simulation of a habitat life support system; 2) represented the design decisions of the habitat in a genetic algorithm; 3) developed a fitness function to judge habitat designs and; 4) ran the genetic algorithm for tens of thousands of simulations to search for an optimal life support design. The results show that automated search tools can play an interesting and under-appreciated role in spacecraft design. Related WorkDynamic simulations have been prevalent in many fields for years, but they are just now becoming common in life support analysis.3 Most previous dynamic simulations have been there has been other work on controlling advanced life ...

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Water regeneration from human urine by vacuum membrane distillation and analysis of membrane fouling characteristics

Zhao

Shang

et al. 2013

Separation and Purification Technology

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The Advanced Life Support Research and Technology Development Metric for Government Fiscal Year 2002

Cited by 18 publications

References 1 publication

Mars life support systems

Mars life support systems

Use of Genetic Algorithms and Transient Models for Life-Support Systems Analysis

Water regeneration from human urine by vacuum membrane distillation and analysis of membrane fouling characteristics

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