The adverse childhood experiences questionnaire: Two decades of research on childhood trauma as a primary cause of adult mental illness, addiction, and medical diseases

Zarse, Emily M.; Neff, Mallory R.; Yoder, Rachel; Hulvershorn, Leslie A.; Chambers, Joanna E.; Chambers, R. Andrew

doi:10.1080/2331205x.2019.1581447

Cited by 167 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…On the other hand, each one of these etiological pathways produced abnormal behaviors that relate to multiple diagnostic domains (multifinality across novelty responding, stress reactivity, and behavioral sensitization to an addictive drug). These animal modeling observations are congruent with clinical-epidemiological evidence indicating that both genetic and adverse environment experiences conspire in a multifactorial, dosedependent-like manner in populations to generate both mental illness and addiction disease severity [5][6][7]37]. Additionally, our findings agree with evidence that adverse environmental experiences can exacerbate a wide range of different mental illness diagnostic categories (e.g., spanning psychosis, mood, trauma and personality and substance use disorders) via multifinality even though these conditions likely have differential genetic contributions [38].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Mental illnesses and drug addictions often co-occur in humans [1,2]. A growing body of basic and clinical neuroscience indicates that the brain pathologies of these disorders are anatomically overlapping, and caus-DOI: 10.1159/000506227 ally bidirectional, involving shared genetic and environmental risk factors [3][4][5][6][7]. Furthering our understanding of how these two major classes of brain diseases interact biologically and developmentally to produce "dual diagnosis" presentations will be crucial to designing better prevention and treatment strategies [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Effects of Neonatal Ventral Hippocampal Lesions and Impoverished Social-Environmental Rearing on Endophenotypes of Mental Illness and Addiction Vulnerability

Chambers

Sentir

2019

Dev Neurosci

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A wide range of mental illnesses show high rates of addiction comorbidities regardless of their genetic, neurodevelopmental, and/or adverse-environmental etiologies. Understanding how the spectrum of mental illnesses produce addiction vulnerability will be key to discovering more effective preventions and integrated treatments for adults with addiction and dual diagnosis comorbidities. A population of 131 rats containing a spectrum of etiological mental illness models and degrees of severity was experimentally generated by crossing neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions (NVHL; n = 68) or controls (SHAM-operated; n = 63) with adolescent rearing in environmentally/socially enriched (ENR; n = 66) or impoverished (IMP; n = 65) conditions. This population was divided into 2 experiments: first, examining NVHL and IMP effects on novelty and mild stress-induced locomotion across 3 adolescent ages; second, looking at initial cocaine reactivity and long-term cocaine behavioral sensitization in adulthood. NVHL and IMP-environmental conditions independently produced remarkably similar and robustly significant abnormalities of hyperreactivity to novelty, mild stress, and long-term cocaine sensitization. The combined NVHL-IMP groups showed the most severe phenotypes across the board, so that the mental illness and addiction vulnerability phenotypes increased together in severity in a consistent stepwise progression from the healthiest rats to those with the greatest loading of etiological models. These findings add weight to our understanding of mental illness and addiction vulnerability as brain disorders that are biologically and developmentally unified in ways that transcend etiological causes, and yet co-intensify with increased loading of etiological conditions. Combining neurodevelopmental and adverse-environmental models of mental illness may provide an approach to identifying and therapeutically targeting cortical-striatal-limbic network mechanisms that generate addiction and dual diagnosis diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Effects of Neonatal Ventral Hippocampal Lesions and Impoverished Social-Environmental Rearing on Endophenotypes of Mental Illness and Addiction Vulnerability

Chambers

Sentir

2019

Dev Neurosci

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are negative life events that are detrimental to brain development, and are root causes of diseases and mortality [ 1 ]. ACE occur before the age of 18 years [ 1 ], and include physical, sexual and emotional abuse and neglect, as well as bullying victimization and parental separation. They directly increase the likelihood of a child having poor oral health, including dental caries [ 2 – 4 ], and are also associated with adult health risks, such as cardiovascular diseases [ 5 ], diabetes mellitus [ 6 ] and smoking [ 7 ] which in turn, are associated with poor oral health in adulthood [ 8 – 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between adverse childhood experiences, bullying, self-esteem, resilience, social support, caries and oral hygiene in children and adolescents in sub-urban Nigeria

et al. 2020

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Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and bullying have negative effects on oral health. Promotive assets (resilience, self-esteem) and resources (perceived social support) can ameliorate their negative impact. The aim of this study was to determine the association between oral diseases (caries, caries complications and poor oral hygiene), ACE and bully victimization and the effect of access to promotive assets and resources on oral diseases. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data collected through a cross-sectional school survey of children 6-16years-old in Ile-Ife, Nigeria from October to December 2019. The outcome variables were caries, measured with the dmft/DMFT index; caries complications measured with the pufa/PUFA index; and poor oral hygiene measured with the oral hygiene index-simplified. The explanatory variables were ACE, bully victimization, resilience, self-esteem, and social support. Confounders were age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Association between the explanatory and outcome variables was determined with logistic regression. Results: Of the 1001 pupils with complete data, 81 (8.1%) had poor oral hygiene, 59 (5.9%) had caries and 6 (10.2%) of those with caries had complications. Also, 679 (67.8%) pupils had one or more ACE and 619 (62.1%) pupils had been bullied one or more times. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) for ACE was 1(3), for bully victimization was 1(5), and for self-esteem and social support scores were 22(5) and 64(34) respectively. The mean (standard deviation) score for resilience was 31(9). The two factors that were significantly associated with the presence of caries were self-esteem (AOR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.85-0.98; p = 0.02) and social support (AOR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97-1,00; p = 0.02). No psychosocial factor was significantly associated with caries complications. Self-esteem was associated with poor oral hygiene (AOR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.09-1.17; p = 0.03).

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“…ACEs include childhood abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual), childhood neglect (emotional and physical), and household dysfunction during childhood (parental separation or divorce, household domestic violence, household substance abuse, parental mental illness, member of household imprisoned). ACEs are important to consider because they have been associated with a wide range of physical and mental health problems in adulthood, including anxiety and depression 17 . Although no research has tested the association between ACEs and LUTS in adulthood, research shows that specific childhood adversities (eg, childhood sexual abuse) increase the likelihood of certain LUTS in adulthood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enduring impact of childhood adversity on lower urinary tract symptoms in adult women

Epperson

Duffy

Johnson

et al. 2020

Neurourology and Urodynamics

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Aims To determine whether childhood adversity is associated with self‐reported lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among older adult women. Methods A convenience sample of women (≥55 years old) who presented to an academic urology practice or who had participated in a previous bladder health prevention study completed questionnaires including the LUTS Tool (on frequency and bother of LUTS), the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Questionnaire, the Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Results The average age (SD) of participants (N = 151) was 64.7 (6.9) years. The total number of ACEs predicted the total number of LUTS, β = .39 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.14, 0.64), P = .003, as well as LUTS frequency, β = .09 (95% CI = 0.04, 0.13), P < .001. ACEs predicted bother for nocturia, β = 0.12 (95% CI = 0.03, 0.22), P = .008. Negative affect symptoms did not mediate the relationship between the total number of ACEs and the total number of LUTS. Rather, ACEs predicted LUTS and negative affect symptoms through (at least partially) independent pathways. Analyses controlled for tobacco use, number of vaginal deliveries, hypertension, overactive bladder medication use, body mass index, income, and race because these variables were significantly associated with the total number of ACEs or total number of LUTS. Conclusions Childhood adversity has an enduring impact on risk for LUTS in adulthood even when controlling for potential confounds and this relationship cannot be explained by negative affect symptoms.

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The adverse childhood experiences questionnaire: Two decades of research on childhood trauma as a primary cause of adult mental illness, addiction, and medical diseases

Cited by 167 publications

References 180 publications

Integrated Effects of Neonatal Ventral Hippocampal Lesions and Impoverished Social-Environmental Rearing on Endophenotypes of Mental Illness and Addiction Vulnerability

Integrated Effects of Neonatal Ventral Hippocampal Lesions and Impoverished Social-Environmental Rearing on Endophenotypes of Mental Illness and Addiction Vulnerability

Association between adverse childhood experiences, bullying, self-esteem, resilience, social support, caries and oral hygiene in children and adolescents in sub-urban Nigeria

Enduring impact of childhood adversity on lower urinary tract symptoms in adult women

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