The adverse effects of hydrogen cyanamide on human health: an evaluation of inquiries to the New Zealand National Poisons Centre

Schep, Leo J.; Temple, Wayne A.; Beasley, Michael

doi:10.1080/15563650802459254

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…[64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] The majority of these reports are from the USA, which may reflect a greater use of these products in the USA compared to many European countries. [64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] The majority of these reports are from the USA, which may reflect a greater use of these products in the USA compared to many European countries.…”

Section: Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[71] In a case series of 60 SCRA cases reported in 2011 by the US Washington State poisons centre published as an abstract only, the reported clinical features were: tachycardia 30%, altered mental status 25%, agitation 20%, vomiting 18%, syncope 5%, hallucinations 5%, and 'possible seizures' 5%. [71] In a case series of 60 SCRA cases reported in 2011 by the US Washington State poisons centre published as an abstract only, the reported clinical features were: tachycardia 30%, altered mental status 25%, agitation 20%, vomiting 18%, syncope 5%, hallucinations 5%, and 'possible seizures' 5%.…”

Section: Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been published series relating to cases reported to poisons information services relating to synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) in the UK, New Zealand, Italy and the USA. [64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] The majority of these reports are from the USA, which may reflect a greater use of these products in the USA compared to many European countries. [1,73] In the UK, there were 532 accesses to the Internet poisons information database TOXBASE® concerning SCRAs between 1 January 2010 and 30 June 2012, with an increase in monthly accesses over this time.…”

Section: Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The New Zealand Poisons Centre reported a decrease in calls to the poisons service relating to SCRA associated with the prohibition of a number of SCRA analogues in August 2011; calls dropped from ten per month in August 2011 to one in September 2011 and varied between zero to four calls until July 2012. [71] In a case series of 60 SCRA cases reported in 2011 by the US Washington State poisons centre published as an abstract only, the reported clinical features were: tachycardia 30%, altered mental status 25%, agitation 20%, vomiting 18%, syncope 5%, hallucinations 5%, and 'possible seizures' 5%. [66] It appeared that most patients required only supportive care, with only 15% and 8% requiring benzodiazepines or an anti-emetic respectively and it was reported that 'most patients' had effects that lasted for less than eight hours after use of the SCRA.…”

Section: Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using poisons information service data to assess the acute harms associated with novel psychoactive substances

Wood

Hill

2014

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) can cause significant acute toxicity but usually little is known about their toxicity when they enter the recreational drug scene. Current data sources include online user forums, user questionnaires, case reports/series, and deaths; however, these are limited by their focus on sub-populations and generally include severe cases and specific geographical areas. Approximately 54% of countries have at least one poisons information service (in 2012 there were 274 worldwide) providing advice to healthcare professionals and/or the public on poisoning. They provide advice on recreational drug and NPS toxicity. In 2012, 2.5% of telephone enquiries to the UK National Poisons Information Service and 2.4% of enquiries to US poisons centres related to recreational drugs. Data are collected at population level and can be used to complement other data sources with clinical details on acute NPS toxicity and geographical/time patterns of toxicity. Like other acute NPS toxicity data, poisons centre data should be interpreted within their limitations, notably the absence of analytical confirmation and reliance on secondary reporting of clinical features. This manuscript demonstrates the breadth and depth of poisons information service data in the literature with a focus on mephedrone and synthetic cannabinoid-receptor agonists. In our opinion it would be possible to develop a more robust and systematic reporting system using a network of poisons information services both within and across countries that would be complimentary to other datasets on acute NPS toxicity and allow more accurate data triangulation.

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Section: Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Using poisons information service data to assess the acute harms associated with novel psychoactive substances

Wood

Hill

2014

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…The primary chemical used to assist bud burst is hydrogen cyanamide (CH 2 N 2 ), which has toxicity to humans. There have been two studies of poisonings to bystanders in New Zealand due to hydrogen cyanamide spray drift (Schep et al 2007;Schep et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drift measurements for conditions of hydrogen cyanamide spraying in kiwifruit

Connell

Post

Ledebuhr

et al. 2018

NZPP

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Kiwifruit are sprayed in late winter with hydrogen cyanamide to enhance with bud burst. The trellis layout of kiwifruit vines in combination with the canopy dormancy at that time of year means that a higher portion of the spray is able to drift away from the canopy. A spray application field study was conducted in a kiwifruit orchard to investigate spray drift potential, with particular focus for conditions relevant to hydrogen cyanamide applications. Spray application with conventional airblast-sprayer hollow-cone nozzles/ adjuvant was compared with air-induction (AI) nozzles/drift-reducing adjuvant. Spray was applied every second row in the orchard with spray drift sampling conducted by measuring vertical distribution of spray deposition on both sides of the downwind shelterbelt. The trial showed that airborne drift carried to a height of at least 15 m to the downwind edge of the orchard, which was the height of the vertical sampling towers. The air-induction nozzle/driftreducing adjuvant system reduced the drift intercepted at 15 m height on the downwind side of the shelterbelt by approximately 78% compared to the standard nozzle/adjuvant system.

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Silicone Wristband Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Combined Exposome and Metabolome Profiling

Mofidfar

Song

Kelly

et al. 2023

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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Wearing a silicone wristband exposes the internal surface of the wristband to glucose, lipids, and metabolites (metabolome) found in sweat and the external surface to occupational and environmental factors that could impact health found in the air (exposome). We use silicone wristband electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SWESI‐MS) to monitor these species. A 20‐μL drop of a (1 : 1, v/v) water:methanol solution is sufficient to extract abundant metabolites and contacting chemicals derived from ingestion of drink, smoke, diet, drug, and air pollution exposure. A wide coverage of species is successfully detected and identified from a worn wristband including caffeine, glucose, nicotine, reserpine, lactate, phosphocreatinine, oleic acid, and urea. The signal from a triangular wristband surface triggered by applying a voltage of 5 kV to form a spray remains stable for at least 2 minutes. The response is linear from 10 pM to 100 μM. The SWESI‐MS method offers the advantages of onsite sampling, no preprocessing, simple testing, and automatic high‐dimensional data searching. It can be used for simultaneously monitoring hazardous chemical contamination and abnormal expression of sweat‐secreted metabolites that are indicative of some physiological condition.

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The adverse effects of hydrogen cyanamide on human health: an evaluation of inquiries to the New Zealand National Poisons Centre

Abstract: Based on the calls received by the NZNPC, acute exposure to hydrogen cyanamide in the workplace or acute exposure to those living within the vicinity of its use may not pose a significant immediate threat to human health.

Cited by 24 publications

References 4 publications

Using poisons information service data to assess the acute harms associated with novel psychoactive substances

Using poisons information service data to assess the acute harms associated with novel psychoactive substances

Drift measurements for conditions of hydrogen cyanamide spraying in kiwifruit

Silicone Wristband Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Combined Exposome and Metabolome Profiling

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