The affinity of mangrove species using Association and Cluster Index in North Coast of Jakarta and Segara Anakan of Cilacap, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Hilmi E, Sari LK, Cahyo TN, Muslih, Mahdiana A, Samudra SR. 2021. The affinity of mangrove species using Association and Cluster Index in North Coast of Jakarta and Segara Anakan of Cilacap, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2907-2920. The affinity of mangrove species using association and cluster index describe relationship among mangrove species. The species association and clustering explain the degree of utilization of resources and space by mangrove species. The association and cluster also describe specific species adaptation in mangrove ecosystems. This paper was aimed to analyze species affinity using association and clustering index of mangrove species. The association index used Chi-square equation and the clustered index used Euclidian distance analysis. The results showed that (i) mangrove density in Segara Anakan (166-4000 trees ha-1) > North Jakarta (220-1100 trees ha-1). (ii) Nypa fruticans, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa and Rhizophora apiculata dominated in Segara Anakan of Cilacap, and Rhizophora stylosa and Avicennia marina dominated in North Jakarta (iii) The association index had 12 pairs of negative species association and 17 pairs of positive species association, but most of mangrove vegetations had no association. (iv) mangrove ecosystem in Segara Anakan and North Jakarta had four clusters with Euclidean distance (ED score) 484 to describe cluster between Bruguiera parviflora-Bruguiera sexangula until 76430847 to describe cluster among Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera parviflora, Ceriops decandra, Exoecaria agallocha, Nypa fruticans, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora stylosa, and Sonneratia caseolaris

Analysis of the diversity and evenness of mangrove ecosystems in the Pacitan Coast, East Java, Indonesia

“…The mangrove species grows in three sites of Pacitan District is higher than the result in mangrove forest situated in Pasarbanggi, Central Java and Torosiaje Jaya, Gorontalo, that only four species were found in each location (Rahim et al 2017;Wicaksono and Muhdin 2015), and five species in Kedawang, Pasuruan (Isroni et al 2019). In contrast, a more significant number were presented in various studies, such as 24 mangrove species were identified in Segara Anakan (Hilmi et al 2021), 14 species were reported to grow in Panjang Island, Jepara (Utami et al 2017).…”

“…The site of Grindulu has a significant impact on this result as it is situated closest to the shore, causing saline water to enter the mangrove area periodically. Even though each mangrove have different levels of sensitivity, such as proposed by Elster (2000) that Avicennia germinans was the most tolerant species in contrast to Rhizhopora mangle as the most sensitive mangrove, but salinity level between 10-30 ppt serves the best condition for mangrove (Hilmi et al 2021). Thus, the research locations in Pacitan have salinity value that is less supportive for mangrove development.…”

“…It has a significant impact on mangrove growth as the connection to the photosynthesis rate. Different ranges of temperature in mangrove ecosystems were shared by some research, including at 29-32 o C in Mentawai Island (Rizal and Anna 2020), between 30-31,8 o C in Torsiaje Jaya Village, Gorontalo (Rahim et al 2017), and 24-31 o C in North Coast of Jakarta (Hilmi et al 2021). Those conditions are still acceptable for mangroves to grow well because the photosynthesis process will decrease dramatically if the temperature is more than 35 o C (Kusmana 2010).…”

The potential of high tidal flooding disaster in North Jakarta using mapping and mangrove relationship approach

“…According to Hilmi, 2019, the potential density of mangroves is classified as very rare -dense. This condition will lossing of the mangrove ecosystem as a buffer and preservation to reduce coastal disasters in North Jakarta [2], [4], [7] The prediction of sea level rise…”

“…North Jakarta is an area in Jakarta which located on the northern of the Java Sea [1], [2] which has many ecosystem that are the estuary ecosystem [2], [3], swamp ecosystem, coral reef and mangrove ecosystem. [2], [4]. The North Coast of Jakarta is an area to buffer and support development center and market building.…”