The African origins of Carolina rice culture

Carney, Judith

doi:10.1177/096746080000700201

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…worked on rice plantations in the Americas, which were generally rampant with malaria. 57,60,61 Clearing of swamplands was also generally performed by men, which could explain higher male mortality. 59 While detailed records exist for very few plantations, reduced genetic representation from Senegambia in parts of the Americas is likely correlated with Senegambians being forced to work under life-threatening conditions.…”

Section: Potential Inconsistencies With Historical Documentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Consequences of the Transatlantic Slave Trade in the Americas

Micheletti

Bryc

Esselmann

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Human Genetics

122

119

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According to historical records of transatlantic slavery, traders forcibly deported an estimated 12.5 million people from ports along the Atlantic coastline of Africa between the 16th and 19th centuries, with global impacts reaching to the present day, more than a century and a half after slavery’s abolition. Such records have fueled a broad understanding of the forced migration from Africa to the Americas yet remain underexplored in concert with genetic data. Here, we analyzed genotype array data from 50,281 research participants, which—combined with historical shipping documents—illustrate that the current genetic landscape of the Americas is largely concordant with expectations derived from documentation of slave voyages. For instance, genetic connections between people in slave trading regions of Africa and disembarkation regions of the Americas generally mirror the proportion of individuals forcibly moved between those regions. While some discordances can be explained by additional records of deportations within the Americas, other discordances yield insights into variable survival rates and timing of arrival of enslaved people from specific regions of Africa. Furthermore, the greater contribution of African women to the gene pool compared to African men varies across the Americas, consistent with literature documenting regional differences in slavery practices. This investigation of the transatlantic slave trade, which is broad in scope in terms of both datasets and analyses, establishes genetic links between individuals in the Americas and populations across Atlantic Africa, yielding a more comprehensive understanding of the African roots of peoples of the Americas.

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Section: Potential Inconsistencies With Historical Documentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Consequences of the Transatlantic Slave Trade in the Americas

Micheletti

Bryc

Esselmann

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Human Genetics

122

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Speaking to this, Judith Carney states, ‘Belief that Africans failed to domesticate crops, a step crucial for the emergence of civilization, and their presumed acquiescence to slavery, impeded the advance of scholarship that would illuminate a different vantage point’ (Carney, 2002: 32). Understood as geomorphological agents on a grand scale, a different vantage point illuminates that West African people developed highly productive agricultural systems and attendant socio-ecological rhythms that plantation economies relied upon and adopted (Carney, 2002: 89–98; 2000: 128–130; Gill, 2021).…”

Section: The Caribbean Sugar Complex and The Appropriation Of African...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonial Capitalist Heterochronicity: Socio-Ecological Rhythms of the Sugar Plantation and the Formal Subsumption of Historical and Cultural Difference

Kolia

2023

Critical Sociology

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The Black and Third World Marxist tradition have demonstrated that colonialism is inseparable from historical accounts of global capitalism. This paper contributes to that project through an account of heterochronic capitalist time by indexing both its uneven incorporation of socio-ecological temporalities and its disciplining of enslaved people. To illustrate this, I examine how Western industrial temporal relations are generative of, and imposed through, its conflictual relations with Indigenous Taíno and enslaved West African socio-ecological forms of time within the Caribbean sugar complex. In addition, I emphasize that despite colonial capitalism seeking to merge African and Indigenous socio-ecological temporal knowledge into abstract labour, it is never a totalizing process. In effect, while colonial capitalism wields various techniques to incorporate Indigenous and African life worlds, there are always phenomenological remainders of cultural temporal difference that do not reproduce the logic of capital. Highlighting two contrasting postcolonial readings of Marx’s notion of subsumption, I argue that we can index the existence of a multiplicity of non-linear and cyclical forms of eternal time that comingle and link past, present and futurity. Inscribing their own emergent dialectics, however, I caution that preserved forms of temporal difference can potentially be taken up in service to reactionary political projects.

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“…The process is often used as a form of self-reflection and meditation, though many have used the techniques to teach soil mineralogy and texture (Georgeson and Payler, 2013;Hartemink et al, 2014). Soil texture is important in the "rice culture" of South Carolina (Carney, 2000). Rice is one of the largest crops grown globally for consumption.…”

Section: Natural Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Field Sampling and Soil Survey Database for Spatial Heterogeneity in Surface Soil Granulometry: Implications for Ecosystem Services Assessment

Mikhailova

Post

Gerard

et al. 2019

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Lithospheric-derived resources such as soil texture and coarse fragments are key soil physical properties that contribute to ecosystem services (ES), which can be valued based on "soil" or "mineral" stocks. Soil survey data provides an inexpensive alternative to detailed field measurements which are often labor-intensive, time-consuming, and costly to obtain. However, both field and soil survey data contain heterogeneous information with a certain level of variability and uncertainty in data. This study compares the potential of using field measurements and information from the Soil Survey Geographic database (SSURGO) for coarse fragments (CF), sand (S), silt (Si), clay (C), and texture class (TC) in the surface soil (Ap horizon) for the 147-hectare Cornell University Willsboro Research Farm, NY. Maps were created based on following methods: (a) utilizing data from the SSURGO database for individual soil map unit (SMU) at the field site and using representative or reported values across individual SMU; (b) averaging the field data within a specific SMU boundary and using the averaged value across the SMU; and (c) interpolating field data within the farm boundaries based on the individual soil cores. This study demonstrates the important distinction between mapping using the "crisp" boundaries of SSURGO databases compared to the actual spatial heterogeneity of field interpolated data. Maps of CF, S, Si, C, and TC values derived from interpolated field core samples were dissimilar to maps derived by using averaged core results or SSURGO values over the SMUs. Dissimilarities in the maps of CF, S, Si, C, and TC can be attributed to several factors (e.g., official soil series data being collected from "type locations" outside of the study areas). Correlation plot of clay estimates for each SMU showed statistically significant correlations between SSURGO and field-averaged (r = 0.823, p = 0.003) and field-interpolated clay (r = 0.584, p = 0.028) estimates, but no correlation was found for CF, S, and Si. Ecosystem services provided by quantitative Mikhailova et al. Surface Soil Granulometry and Ecosystem Services data such as CF, S, Si, and C may not be independent from each other and other soil properties. Key soil properties should also include categorical data, such as texture class, which is used for another key soil property-available soil water ratings. Current valuation of soil texture is often linked to specific mineral commodities, which does not always address the issue of soil based valuation including indirect use value.

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The African origins of Carolina rice culture

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Genetic Consequences of the Transatlantic Slave Trade in the Americas

Genetic Consequences of the Transatlantic Slave Trade in the Americas

Colonial Capitalist Heterochronicity: Socio-Ecological Rhythms of the Sugar Plantation and the Formal Subsumption of Historical and Cultural Difference

Comparing Field Sampling and Soil Survey Database for Spatial Heterogeneity in Surface Soil Granulometry: Implications for Ecosystem Services Assessment

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