The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World

Castles, Stephen; Miller, Mark J.; Ammendola, Giuseppe

doi:10.1080/10803920500434037

Cited by 474 publications

(547 citation statements)

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“…The fact that several European countries adopted a more restrictive immigration policy during the 1970s has not prevented an ever increasing number of persons from settling in Europe, either in the form of economic or labor migrants, political asylum seekers, or to reunify with family members (Castles and Miller, 2003).…”

Section: A Dynamic Group Conflict Theory Approach Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The attitudinal changes in the US are, at least, partly the product of the particular historical evolution of intergroup relations from slavery to a situation of legal equality. In many European countries, the presence of sizeable ethnic minority groups is a rather recent phenomenon, as large immigration flows into Europe only came into being during the second half of the 20 th century (Castles and Miller, 2003;Hooghe et al, 2008). As a result, European researchers have only recently started to ask survey questions with respect to outgroup attitudes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Changing attitudes toward immigration in Europe, 2002–2007: A dynamic group conflict theory approach

Meuleman

Davidov

Billiet

2009

Social Science Research

404

196

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Anti-immigration attitudes and its origins have been investigated quite extensively. Research that focuses on the evolution of attitudes toward immigration, however, is far more scarce. In this paper, we use data from the first three rounds of the European Social Survey (ESS) to study the trend of anti-immigration attitudes between 2002 and 2007 in 17 European countries. In the first part of the paper, we discuss the critical legitimacy for comparing latent variable means over countries and time. A multiple-group multiple-indicator structural equation modeling (MGSEM) approach is used to test the cross-country and cross-time equivalence of the variables under study. In a second step, we try to offer an explanation for the observed trends using a dynamic version of group conflict theory. The country-specific evolutions in attitudes toward immigration are shown to coincide with national context factors, such as immigration flows and changes in unemployment rates.

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Section: A Dynamic Group Conflict Theory Approach Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing attitudes toward immigration in Europe, 2002–2007: A dynamic group conflict theory approach

Meuleman

Davidov

Billiet

2009

Social Science Research

404

196

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“…Although immigration policies will have most influence on the first generation, defining the terms under which migration can take place and what type of migrants that can enter, they may also have legacies for later generations. For example, the substantial labour migration to Western Europe in the 1950s and 60s resulted in a geographically concentration of large numbers of unskilled manual workers in relatively deprived parts of European cities (Castles & Miller 2009). As decades of sociological work has documented a significant relationship between educational achievements and social background (Reay 2010), it seems likely that such lower working-class environments may negatively affect both the aspirations and the capabilities of educational progress among children of immigrants.…”

Section: Legacies Of Immigration Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic Penalties in Western Labour Markets: <i>Contributions, Explanations, Critiques</i>

Midtbøen¹

2015

Nordic Journal of Migration Research

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This article reviews the comparative literature on ethnic penalties in Western labour markets. Although there is considerable variation between ethnic groups, immigrants and descendants, and across national contexts in terms of the magnitude of ethnic penalties, ethnic minorities of non-European origin experience disadvantages in all contexts. Discussing the striking cross-national variation, I highlight the impact of the economy, legacies of immigration policies, historically different citizenship regimes and the occurrence of selectivity in educational systems. In explaining why ethnic disadvantage occurs in all contexts, I pay particular attention to the role of discrimination in employment.

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“…Comparing civic integration tests in five countries, including our three countries, Ines Michalowski (2011) and Saskia Bonjour (2010) find national differences that do not correspond with the national citizenship models. Noticing a widespread backlash against multiculturalism, Stephen Castles and Mark Miller doubt whether the multicultural model still exists in Europe (Castles & Miller, 2011). In sum, critics maintain that citizenship models are too deterministic and too static, as they cannot explain changes over time within a country or convergences between countries.…”

Section: National Models Of Citizenship and State-church Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outsiders Within: Framing and Regulation of Headscarves in France, Germany and The Netherlands

Lettinga

Saharso

2014

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While women in Europe who wear the Islamic headscarf are generally seen as outsiders who do not belong to the nation, some countries are more tolerant towards the wearing of headscarves than others. France, Germany and the Netherlands have developed different policies regarding veiling. In this paper we describe how headscarves became regulated in each of these countries and discuss the ways in which French, Dutch and German politicians have deliberated the issue. The paper is based on a content analysis of parliamentary debates on veiling in France (1989France ( -2007, Germany (1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) and the Netherlands (1985Netherlands ( -2007. Our aim is to discuss what these national political debates reveal about the way in which the social inclusion of Islamic women in (or rather exclusion from) the nation is perceived in these three countries. Our claim is that veiling arouses opposition because it challenges national self-understandings. Yet, because nations have different histories of nation building, these self-understandings are challenged in various ways and hence, governments have responded to headscarves with diverse regulation. While we did find national differences, we also discovered that the political debates in the three countries are converging over time. The trend is towards increasingly gendered debates and more restrictive headscarf policies. This, we hypothesize, is explained by international polarization around Islam and the strength of the populist anti-immigrant parties across Europe.

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The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World

Cited by 474 publications

References 0 publications

Changing attitudes toward immigration in Europe, 2002–2007: A dynamic group conflict theory approach

Changing attitudes toward immigration in Europe, 2002–2007: A dynamic group conflict theory approach

Ethnic Penalties in Western Labour Markets: <i>Contributions, Explanations, Critiques</i>

Outsiders Within: Framing and Regulation of Headscarves in France, Germany and The Netherlands

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