The aging of the Human Species

Olshansky, S. Jay; Carnes, Bruce A.; Cassel, C. K.

doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0493-46

Cited by 136 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…In Western countries, the number of elderly subjects is increasing, and 75 years old people may have an expected life expectancy of 5-10 years [1] . The progressive ageing of population also means that the number of elderly patients with cancer is expected to rise in the next future [2][3][4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in the elderly

Borzio

Dionigi

Parisi

et al. 2015

WJH

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recommendation. We carried out a literature search in MEDLINE database for studies reporting on epidemiology, clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of HCC in elderly patients. Available data seem to indicate that in elderly patients the outcome of HCC is mostly influenced by liver function and tumor stage rather than by age and the latter should not influence treatment allocation. Age is not a risk for resection and older patients with resectable HCC and good liver function could gain benefit from surgery. Mild comorbidities do not seem a contraindication for surgery in aged patients. Conversely, major resection in elderly, even when performed in experienced high-volume centres, should be avoided. Both percutaneous ablation and transarterial chemoembolization are not contraindicated in aged patients and safety profile of these procedures is acceptable. Sorafenib is a viable option for advanced HCC in elderly provided that a careful evaluation of concomitant comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular ones, is taken into account. Available data seem to suggest that in either elderly and younger, treatment is a main predictor of outcome. Consequently, a nihilistic attitude of physicians towards under-or no-treatment of aged patients should not be longer justified. Core tip: The number of elderly patients with cancer is expected to rise in the next future, and facing with elderly cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) will characterize liver oncology scenario in the near future. International guidelines do not specifically address how to approach HCC in aged patients and no recommendations are available on age threshold to which clinical decisions should refer. Available data seem to rule out an intrinsic negative impact of age itself on HCC prognosis, and treatment allocation should be decided mainly according to HCC stage, liver residual function and general conditions. Indeed, a nihilistic AbstractMean age of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients has been progressively increasing over the last decades and ageing of these patients is becoming a real challenge in every day clinical practice. Unfortunately, international guidelines on HCC management do not address this problem exhaustively and do not provide any specific REVIEWSubmit a

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in the elderly

Borzio

Dionigi

Parisi

et al. 2015

WJH

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“…1 In Portugal, the elderly population over 65 years is 17.9% of the total population, slightly above the European average, and where the population ≥75 years, accounts for 46.8% of older people. 2 In recent years the number of older people living in institutional long-term care has been gradually increasing, ranging from 1-4% of elderly ≥65 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does an In-Season Detraining Period Affect the Shoulder Rotator Cuff Strength and Balance of Young Swimmers?

Batalha

Raimundo

Tomás-Carús

et al. 2014

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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A cross-sectional study on physical and sedentary activity and health-related quality of life in institutionalized vs. non-institutionalized elderly Differences between institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly were found in moderate-intensity activities and walking, a favour of non-institutionalized. The institutionalized elderly remain more minutes in sedentary activity. Also, were observed differences between both groups in physical component of HRQoL, a favour of non-institutionalized elderly. The mental component remained unchanged. The multivariate regression analyses showed that physical activity predicted the physical (8 to 12%) and mental (5 to 8%) components of HRQoL for institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly. Conclusions: Non-institutionalized elderly were more physically active, spent less time in sedentary activity and showed better perception physical component of HRQoL that institutionalized elderly. An important and encouraging result of this study was that physical activity is a predictor of improved physical and mental component of HRQoL for institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly. Um estudo transversal sobre atividade física e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizadosKeywords: Motor activity. Sedentary lifestyle. Quality of life. Health of institutionalized elderly.* Author contributions: P Tomas-Carus conceived of the study, participated in its design and coordination, analysed the data, contributed to the results discussion and wrote the manuscript; C Biehl-Printes analysed the data, contributed to the results discussion and manuscript draft; A Raimundo, C Pereira, N Terra contributed to the results discussion; L Laranjo participated in coordination and data collection; J Fernandes participated in the study design and coordination, and contributed to the results discussion. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. RESUMOObjetivos: Comparar atividade física, sedentarismo e qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde (QVRS) em idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizado e estabelecer um padrão de associação e predição da atividade física e do sedentarismo com os componentes físicos e mentais da QVRS. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 383 idosos com idade ≥ 75 anos (187 institucionalizados e 196 não institucionalizados). Foram aplicados o questionário internacional de atividade física (IPAQ) e a versão reduzida do inventário de saúde (SF-36) para avaliar a atividade física e o QVRS. Também foi utilizado o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) para exclusão de problemas cognitivos. Resultados: Foram encontradas diferenças entre idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados nas atividades de intensidade moderada e na caminhada, a favor dos não institucionalizados. Os idosos institucionalizados apresentaram mais minutos em atividade sedentária. Além disso, foram observadas diferenças entre os dois grupos no componente físico da QVRS, a favor dos idosos não institucionalizados. O componente men...

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“…Hearing loss and communication difficulty are common social problems associated with the increasing incidence of presbycusis (1). Presbycusis with hearing loss at high frequencies may result in difficulty in understanding speech in a noisy environment (2). If the hearing loss spreads to the frequency range of speech, presbycusis may lead to difficulty in understanding speech in any environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of the cochlear hair cells in adult C57BL/6J mice by T-type calcium channel blockers

Yu¹,

Wang²,

Xiao³

et al. 2016

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of T-type calcium channel blockers against presbycusis, using a C57BL/6J mice model. The expression of three T-type calcium channel receptor subunits in the cochlea of 6-8-week-old C57BL/6J mice was evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results confirmed that the three subunits were expressed in the cochlea. In addition, the capacity of T-type calcium channel blockers to protect the cochlear hair cells of 24-26-week-old C57BL/6J mice was investigated in mice treated with mibefradil, benidipine or saline for 4 weeks. Differences in hearing threshold were detected using auditory brainstem recording (ABR), while differences in amplitudes were measured using a distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) test. The ABR test results showed that the hearing threshold significantly decreased at 24 kHz in the mibefradil-treated and benidipine-treated groups compared with the saline-treated group. The DPOAE amplitudes in the mibefradil-treated group were increased compared with those in the saline-treated group at the F2 frequencies of 11.3 and 13.4 kHz. Furthermore, the DPOAE amplitudes in the benidipine-treated group were increased compared with those in the saline-treated group at an F2 frequency of 13.4 kHz. The loss of outer hair cells (OHCs) was not evident in the mibefradil-treated group; however, the stereocilia of the inner hair cells (IHCs) were disorganised and sparse. In summary, these results indicate that the administration of a T-type calcium channel blocker for four consecutive weeks may improve the hearing at 24 kHz of 24-26-week-old C57BL/6J mice. The function and morphology of the OHCs of the C57BL/6J mice were significantly altered by the administration of a T-type calcium channel blocker; however, the IHCs were unaffected.

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The aging of the Human Species

Cited by 136 publications

References 0 publications

Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in the elderly

Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in the elderly

Does an In-Season Detraining Period Affect the Shoulder Rotator Cuff Strength and Balance of Young Swimmers?

Protection of the cochlear hair cells in adult C57BL/6J mice by T-type calcium channel blockers

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