The Air‐Bubble Method of Locking Central‐Vein Catheters with Acidified, Concentrated Sodium Chloride as a Bactericidal Agent: <i>In Vitro</i> Studies

Moore, Harold L.; Twardowski, Zbylut J.

doi:10.1046/j.1492-7535.2003.00055.x

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…I have repeated the experiment of Moore and Twardowski 1 at room temperature (22°C) with a 2.6‐mm inner diameter capillary and by replacing heparin solution with water. The expected result that mixing takes place by convection which is caused by the density difference of the two fluids could be easily observed.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the article, “The Air‐Bubble Method of Locking Central‐Vein Catheters with Acidified, Concentrated Sodium Chloride as a Bactericidal Agent: In Vitro Studies,” recently published in Hemodialysis International, 1 several observations about the behavior of fluid and fluid mixtures in capillaries and catheters were reported. The interpretations of these observations, however, are not completely correct.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diffusion study

Polaschegg¹

2004

Hemodialysis International

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A capillary was filled partially with heparin and partially with povidone iodine and placed in horizontal position with the purpose to determine the diffusion rates of 10% povidone iodine, 1% free iodine, atomic weight 126.9. The tubes were placed in an incubator at 37 C, and after 24 hr complete diffusion was observed within 24 hr. Because the capillaries were approximately 20 cm long the povidone iodine had traversed 10 cm.

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Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Diffusion study

Polaschegg¹

2004

Hemodialysis International

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“…A new method of catheter locking has been developed [9], wherein anticoagulant is injected first, followed by a 0.1‐mL air bubble, and a bactericidal solution. Our in vitro experiments showed that two solutions separated by an air bubble do not mix in glass tubes or in agitated catheters [4]. The bactericidal solution was acidified concentrated saline (ACS), which showed excellent bactericidal properties [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our in vitro experiments showed that two solutions separated by an air bubble do not mix in glass tubes or in agitated catheters [4]. The bactericidal solution was acidified concentrated saline (ACS), which showed excellent bactericidal properties [4]. This 27% saline solution has a pH of 2.0.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air‐Bubble Method of Locking Central‐Vein Catheters for Prevention of Hub Colonization: A Pilot Study

Twardowski

Reams²,

Prowant

et al. 2003

Hemodialysis International

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2D fringe probing of liquid film dynamics of a plug bubble in a micropipe

Qiu

2008

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Research on bubble dynamics and heat transfer in micropipe two-phase flows is an important area in micro electronic cooling, microfluidics and non-invasive laser/ultrasound microsurgery. For example, a pulsating heat pipe (PHP) is a very effective heat transfer device which made of a relatively long and thin sealed pipe containing both phases of the working fluid. The inner diameter of the pipe must be sufficiently small so that vapor bubbles can grow to vapor plugs in the tube. The optical diagnostic technique developed by Wang and Qiu (2005) has been further extended to probe 2D interfacial film thickness in micro capillary two-phase flows. Similar to single point measurements, the spatial frequencies from the multi-scattering measured by CCD camera are used to determine the film thickness but whole fringe image is divided into N columns for determining the special frequencies. The spatial frequency of each image column can be used to calculate the interfacial film thickness of the segment of the plug bubble. By integrating all the measured film thickness along the bubble, the interfacial film surround the whole bubble can be determined. The very fine parallel fringes are projected onto the liquid/gas-bubble interface. The scattered fringe pattern can be imaged at a proper orientation angle where the spatial frequency of the fringe pattern can be measured. To determine the spatial frequency variations during the plug/slug pulsating, a highly accurate signal processing technique for continuously evaluation of signal phases utilizing a modified fast Fourier transform algorithm was used. Through geometrical optics approach, the curvature of the cross-section of a plug can be derived from the spatial frequency of the scattering pattern on the screen. Capillary tubes, with inner diameters of 1.0mm and 0.3mm, and a length of 65mm, are used. A gas plug bubble, 5mm~20mm long, is introduced and moves through the testing part of tube, which is filled with water as the working fluid. The interference fringes produced by two incident laser sheets are scattered from the interface between gas and water, and captured by high speed camera at the speed of up to 2000 frames per second. The experimental results show that the improved method can obtain the liquid film thickness profile at the different time and can be used to analyze the status of plug bubble movement in a micropipe.

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The Air‐Bubble Method of Locking Central‐Vein Catheters with Acidified, Concentrated Sodium Chloride as a Bactericidal Agent: In Vitro Studies

Abstract: The proposed method of catheter locking with anticoagulant at the catheter tip and ACS at the catheter hub separated by an air bubble is a promising technique and clinical studies are warranted.

Cited by 6 publications

References 67 publications

Diffusion study

Diffusion study

Air‐Bubble Method of Locking Central‐Vein Catheters for Prevention of Hub Colonization: A Pilot Study

2D fringe probing of liquid film dynamics of a plug bubble in a micropipe

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