The Air-Conditioning Capacity of the Human Nose

Naftali, Sara; Rosenfeld, M.; Wolf, Michael; Elad, David

doi:10.1007/s10439-005-2513-4

Cited by 172 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Compared with in-vivo measurements, the numerical simulation by Lindemann et al (2004) successfully visualized the close relationship between the intranasal air temperature and airflow pattern. Similarly, Naftali et al (2005) simulated an unsteady laminar flow using a constant mass diffusivity for the transport of airflow through an idealised cavity model. A periodic inlet (25°C, air flux = 15 L/min) was heated by a constant mucosal wall temperature of 37°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From CT Scans to CFD Modelling – Fluid and Heat Transfer in a Realistic Human Nasal Cavity

Inthavong

Wen

et al. 2009

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics

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ABSTRACT:The air conditioning capability of the nose is dependent on the nasal mucosal temperature and the airflow dynamics caused by the airway geometry. A computational model of a human nasal cavity obtained through CT scans was produced and the process described. CFD techniques were applied to study the effects of morphological differences in the left and right nasal cavities on the airflow and heat transfer of inhaled air. A laminar steady flow of 15 L/min was applied and two inhalation conditions were investigated: normal air conditions, 25°C, 35% relative humidity and cold dry air conditions, 12°C, 13% relative humidity. It was found that the frontal regions of the nasal cavity exhibited greater secondary cross flows compared to the middle and back regions. The left cavity in the front region had a smaller cross-sectional area compared to the right which allowed greater heating as the heat source from the wall was closer to the bulk flow regions. Additionally it was found that the role of the turbinates to condition the air may not be solely reliant on the surface area contact but may in fact be influenced by the nature of the flow that the turbinates cause.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From CT Scans to CFD Modelling – Fluid and Heat Transfer in a Realistic Human Nasal Cavity

Inthavong

Wen

et al. 2009

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics

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“…Other studies [12,13] have contrasted the patient specific analysis with a noselike model that tries to encapsulate the essential features of the nasal cavity and with a replica anatomical configuration [14,15]. The simplified models described utilise a box-like geometry, with the turbinates idealised as simple projections of tapered rectangular cross-section.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling nasal airflow using a Fourier descriptor representation of geometry

Gambaruto

Taylor

Doorly

2008

Numerical Methods in Fluids

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. SUMMARYProcedures capable of providing both compact representations and rational simplifications of complex anatomical flow conduits are essential to explore how form and function are related in the respiratory, cardiovascular and other physiological flow systems. This work focuses on flow in the human nasal cavity. Methods to derive the cavity wall boundary from medical images are first outlined. Anisotropic smoothing of the boundary surface is shown to provide less geometric distortion in regions of high curvature, such as at the ends of the narrow nasal passages. A reversible decomposition of the surface into a stack of planar contours is then effected using an implicit function formulation. Fourier descriptors provide a continuous representation of each contour as a modal expansion, and permit simplification of the geometry by retaining only dominant modes via filtering.Computations of the steady inspiratory flow field are performed for replica and reduced geometries, where the reduced geometry is derived by retaining only the first fifteen modes in the expansion of each slice contour. The overall pressure drop and integrated wall shear are shown to be virtually unaffected by simplification. More sensitive measures, such as the Lagrangian particle trajectories and residence time distributions show slight changes as discussed.Comparison of the Fourier descriptor method applied to three different patient data sets indicate the potential of the technique as a means to characterise complex flow conduit geometry, and the scope for further work is outlined.

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“…Также образуются многочисленные завихрения преимущественно в области дна полости носа, что препятствует нормальной конденсации влаги. Воз-душный поток с высокой скоростью ударяется о зад нюю стенку глотки, раздражая слизистую обо-лочку, что объясняет явления фарингита и стекания слизи по задней стенке глотки при СПН [11].…”

Section: патогенезunclassified

“…[11], после перене-сенной резекции средних и нижних носовых рако-вин кондиционирование воздуха уменьшается на 12 и 16% соответственно. Согласно работе J. Lindemann и соавт.…”

Section: патогенезunclassified

“…Стойкое нарушение сенсорной иннервации мо-жет являться следствием неправильного процесса заживления слизистой оболочки в послеоперацион-ном периоде [11]. Как известно, нижние носовые раковины являются источником нейронального ро-стового фактора, медиатора, отвечающего за рост, репарацию и образование аксональных связей пе-риферических окончаний чувствительных нейро-нов.…”

Section: патогенезunclassified

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