The Al-Borani submarine landslide and associated tsunami. A modelling approach

Macías, Jorge; Vázquez, J.T.; Fernández-Salas, L.M.; González‐Vida, J. M.; Bárcenas, P.; Castro, Manuel J.; Díaz‐del‐Río, V.; Alonso, Belén

doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2014.12.006

Cited by 55 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The slide motion generated a tsunami with run-up values that were locally > 10 m, which caused more than 2200 casualties (Heinrich et al, 2000;Heinrich et al, 2001;Tappin et al, 2001Tappin et al, , 2008. In the wake of the 1998 Sissano event, numerous studies investigated the distribution of submarine landslides along continental slopes, islands and bathymetric highs, as well as the tsunamigenic potential (Canals et al, 2004;Masson et al, 2006;McAdoo et al, 2000;Chaytor et al, 2009;Twichell et al, 2009;Mulder et al, 2009;Tappin, 2010;Iacono et al, 2014;Urgeles and Camerlenghi, 2013;Macías et al, 2015;Palomino et al, 2016;Rodriguez et al, 2012;Rodriguez et al, 2013Rodriguez et al, , 2017Katz et al, 2015). Sub-Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunamigenic potential of a Holocene submarine landslide along the North Anatolian Fault (northern Aegean Sea, off Thasos island): insights from numerical modelling

Janin

Rodriguez

Sakellariou

et al. 2019

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The North Anatolian Fault in the northern Aegean Sea triggers frequent earthquakes of magnitudes up to Mw∼7. This seismicity can be a source of modest tsunamis for the surrounding coastlines with less than 50 cm height according to numerical modelling and analysis of tsunami deposits. However, other tsunami sources may be involved, like submarine landslides. We assess the severity of this potential hazard by performing numerical simulations of tsunami generation and propagation from a Holocene landslide (1.85 km3 in volume) identified off Thasos. We use a model coupling the simulation of the submarine landslide, assimilated to a granular flow, to the propagation of the tsunami wave. The results of these simulations show that a tsunami wave of water height between 1.10 and 1.65 m reaches the coastline at Alexandroupoli (58 000 inhabitants) 1 h after the triggering of the landslide. In the same way, tsunami waves of water height between 0.80 and 2.00 m reach the coastline of the Athos peninsula 9 min after the triggering of the landslide. Despite numerous earthquakes of Mw>7 and strong detrital input (on the order of 30 cm ka−1), only a few Holocene landslides have been recognized so far, asking for tsunami recurrence in this area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunamigenic potential of a Holocene submarine landslide along the North Anatolian Fault (northern Aegean Sea, off Thasos island): insights from numerical modelling

Janin

Rodriguez

Sakellariou

et al. 2019

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…The first layer is composed of a homogeneous inviscid fluid with a constant density 1 representing seawater, and the second layer is based on a fluidized granular material with a density and a porosity . In this study, the mean density of the fluidized debris is constant and equals 2 = (1 − ) + 1 , as noted in previous research (Macías et al, 2015). The two fluids, water and fluidized debris, are hypothesized to be immiscible in this study.…”

Section: Two-layer Modelmentioning

confidence: 80%

Global Optimization Of A Numerical Two-Layer Model Using Observed Data: A Case Study Of The 2018 Sunda Strait Tsunami

Pakoksung

Suppasri

Muhari³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Following the eruption of Mount Anak Krakatau, a considerable landslide occurred on the southwestern part of the volcano and, upon entering the sea, generated a large tsunami within the Sunda Strait, Indonesia, on 22 December 2018. This tsunami traveled ~5 km across the strait basin and inundated the shorelines of Sumatra and Java with a vertical runup reaching 13 m. Following the event, observed field data, GPS measurements of the inundation, and multibeam echo soundings of the bathymetry within the strait were collected and publicly provided. Using this dataset, numerical modeling of the tsunami was conducted using the two-layer (soil and water) TUNAMI-N2 model based on a combination of landslide sources and bathymetry data. The two-layer model was implemented to nest the grid system using a finest grid size of 20 m. To constrain the unknown landslide parameters, the differential evolution (DE) global optimization algorithm was applied, which resulted in a parameter set that minimized the deviation from the measured bathymetry after the event. The DE global optimization procedure was effective at determining the landslide parameters for the model with the minimum deviation from the measured seafloor. The lowest deviation from the measured bathymetry was obtained for the best-fitting parameters: a maximum landslide thickness of 301.2 m and a landslide time of 10.8 minutes. The landslide volume of 0.182 km3 estimated by the best-fitting parameters shows that the tsunami flow depth could have reached 3-10 m along the shore with a K value of 0.89, although the simulated flow depths were underestimated in comparison with the observation data. According to the waveforms, the general wave pattern was well reproduced at tide gauges during the event. A large number of objective function evaluations were necessary to locate the minimum with the DE procedure to fix the grid cell size to 20 m; this limited the accuracy of the obtained parameter values for the two-layer model. Moreover, considering the generalizations in the modeling of landslide movements, the impact landslide time and thickness must be carefully calculated to obtain a suitable accuracy.

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“…This model has been extended and generalized in several works (Bouchut et al, 2003;Bouchut et al, 2008Bouchut et al, , 2016Bouchut and Westdickenberg, 2004;Pelanti et al, 2008). In this framework, the EDANYA group has implemented a finite-volume numerical model, the Landslide-HySEA model (Castro et al, 2005(Castro et al, , 2006(Castro et al, , 2008(Castro et al, , 2012Gallardo et al, 2007;Macías et al, 2012Macías et al, , 2015de la Asunción et al, 2013), for the simulation of submarine landslides based on the two-layer Savage-Hutter model introduced in Fernández-Nieto et al (2008) that takes into account the movement of the fluid inside which the avalanche develops. This model is useful for the generation and evolution of tsunamis triggered by both submarine and aerial landslides.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lituya Bay landslide-generated mega-tsunami – numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis

González‐Vida

Macías

Castro

et al. 2019

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The 1958 Lituya Bay landslide-generated mega-tsunami is simulated using the Landslide-HySEA model, a recently developed finite-volume Savage–Hutter shallow water coupled numerical model. Two factors are crucial if the main objective of the numerical simulation is to reproduce the maximal run-up with an accurate simulation of the inundated area and a precise recreation of the known trimline of the 1958 mega-tsunami of Lituya Bay: first, the accurate reconstruction of the initial slide and then the choice of a suitable coupled landslide–fluid model able to reproduce how the energy released by the landslide is transmitted to the water and then propagated. Given the numerical model, the choice of parameters appears to be a point of major importance, which leads us to perform a sensitivity analysis. Based on public domain topo-bathymetric data, and on information extracted from the work of Miller (1960), an approximation of Gilbert Inlet topo-bathymetry was set up and used for the numerical simulation of the mega-event. Once optimal model parameters were set, comparisons with observational data were performed in order to validate the numerical results. In the present work, we demonstrate that a shallow water type of model is able to accurately reproduce such an extreme event as the Lituya Bay mega-tsunami. The resulting numerical simulation is one of the first successful attempts (if not the first) at numerically reproducing, in detail, the main features of this event in a realistic 3-D basin geometry, where no smoothing or other stabilizing factors in the bathymetric data are applied.

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The Al-Borani submarine landslide and associated tsunami. A modelling approach

Cited by 55 publications

References 56 publications

Tsunamigenic potential of a Holocene submarine landslide along the North Anatolian Fault (northern Aegean Sea, off Thasos island): insights from numerical modelling

Tsunamigenic potential of a Holocene submarine landslide along the North Anatolian Fault (northern Aegean Sea, off Thasos island): insights from numerical modelling

Global Optimization Of A Numerical Two-Layer Model Using Observed Data: A Case Study Of The 2018 Sunda Strait Tsunami

The Lituya Bay landslide-generated mega-tsunami – numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis

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