The Alash Party: Historiography of the Movement

Abstract

This research presents a short historiographical review of the Alash movement. It reflects the researchers’ own version of periodisation of the history of the first Kazakh national party Alash that belonged to the liberal democratic wing. The researchers identify four stages in the history of the movement connected with the main landmarks of its short, yet significant existence. The periods of Alash history are determined based on changes in strategy and tactics, as well as the evolution of its organisational forms (a movement— a party during elections to the Constituent Assembly — the ruling party in the Alash Autonomy and Alash Orda government). A conclusion is made that national parties set forth the conditions and ways of modernisation in the most acceptable forms and combinations for each corresponding nation; possible parallels in the development pathways followed by other national parties in 1918–1920 are pointed out.

National projects of the Alash intelligence in the field of education

“…Undoubtedly, the monographic work of the outstanding historian-scientist K. Nurpeisov, which creates new methodological and theoretical concepts on the topic of the Alash movement, is of great value in the study of the history of Alash people (Nurpeyisov, 1995). It is also worth noting the works of such scholars as M. Kul-Mukhamed (Kul-Muhamed, 2000), D. Kamzabekuly (Kamzabekuly, 2008), T. Zhurtbay (Zhurtbay, 2012), S. Akkululy (Akkululy, 2017), Z. Sadvokasova (Sadvokasova, 2018) and other researchers (Saktaganova et al, 2020) devoted to the multifaceted study of the Alash movement in the following years. However, these works only partially reflect the national projects of the Alash intelligence in the field of education.…”

Karmetkombinat: history of construction and environmental problems

“…It can be said that from that moment the active development of the Karaganda deposits began. During the Soviet period, the region developed dynamically and invariably attracted the attention of scientists and researchers, since it possessed huge reserves of minerals that were so necessary for the industrial development of the young Soviet state [3].…”