The paper discusses the issues related to modern environmental problems that have arisen in connection with the activities of the mining and metallurgical industry enterprises of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors emphasize that due to the industrial progress of the mining and metallurgical industry, which is one of the main sectors of the republic’s economy, the level of environmental pollution is increasing. The contributing authors prove by examples that, on the one hand, the growth of the economic potential of the mining and metallurgical industry and the transition to market mechanisms for the development of the economy have generated a large increase in the potential of the republic as a major exporter and leader among the world’s raw material powers. On the other hand, the increase in industrial production led to a real threat of an environmental crisis in the republic. We conclude that it is possible to solve the environmental problems by improving measures to protect atmospheric air and increasing the efficiency of water resources use and protection. In addition, according to the authors, reduction in the chemical load on the soil, strengthening of the work on protection, reproduction and rational use of the plant and animal world, the introduction of treatment facilities and plants, especially in places of mining, will create a favorable environment for a significant improvement in environmental situation in theregion.

The paper notes that after the formation of the Virgin Lands area in December 1960, the local health authorities faced a pressing issue of solving the problems of tuberculosis spread among the local population, as well as people resettled there. Tuberculosis, like other infectious diseases, was widespread in Kazakhstan. The establishment of tuberculosis dispensaries and the creation of fluorography and X-ray machines have provided an opportunity to expand preventive measures for the examination and detection of tuberculosis patients. The health authorities of the Virgin Lands area considered work in this direction as improving the quality of medical care. However, the quality of treatment was often reduced due to the facts that the treatment regimen was violated in several dispensaries, there were not enough specialists, control over the full and long-term treatment of tuberculosis patients was not imposed. The authors of the paper concluded that insufficient and not universal organization of medical care was one of the reasons for the high incidence of tuberculosis among the population.

This article discusses development of the coal industry in Kazakhstan after the 1990s and environmental problems caused by the coal industry. Along with industrial development, an increase in coal production, the level of environmental pollution is increasing. The authors say that transition to the market economy increased the economic potential of the republic, including coal companies, and caused an environmental crisis. The problem can be solved by maximizing the economically viable use of all types of waste and resources of the developed coal fields. These activities will solve geo-ecological problems, improve the environment through the greening of economic activities focusing on the needs of future generations. The methodological basis of the research is scientific objectivity which made it possible to analyze the subject taking into account economic changes in the industry.

This article discusses issues related to the environmental problems in various sectors of the Central Kazakhstan’s economy at the present stage. It is emphasized that the level of environmental pollution is increasing along with industrial progress in coal, non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy, chemistry, engineering, and the growth of the transport highways network and numerous communications. The authors of the article give examples of how the transition to market mechanisms of economic development generated, on the one hand, the growth of the republic’s powerful economic potential. On the other hand, the increase in industrial production with energy and resource-intensive production has led to a real threat of an environmental crisis in the region. It is concluded that the solution of the environmental problem is possible by preserving and restoring natural systems, a complete social transition to sustainable development by practical implementation of the environmental concept, including natural-resource, techno-economic, demographic and sociocultural aspects. According to the authors, these measures will contribute to the way out of the current environmental crisis, a radical improvement of the environment, will be the key to preserving the ecology of space. The methodological basis of the study was the principle of scientific objectivity, which allowed to analyze the subject under study taking into account the realities of economic changes in the industry.

In the modern world, handicraft tourism is one of the developing types of tourism. The authors of this paper note that handicraft tourism is becoming more and more popular every year. Among other things the increasing number of tourists to the Kyrgyz Republic is associated with the manifestation of interest in the crafts and trades of the Kyrgyz. Handicraft tourism plays an important role as a tool for the preservation and development of the people’s cultural heritage, contributes to the solution of population employment issues, stimulates an increase in the educational and cultural level of the population, blurs the boundaries between people. The article reveals the developmental characteristics of handicraft skills of the Kyrgyz as a part of traditional culture. The properties of wool, the technology of making felt, the combination of color shades, the placement of patterns on the felt, as well as their change in modern conditions are described. It is concluded that felt carpets, which have absorbed aesthetic and practical functions, have always been distinguished by their environmental friendliness and naturalness. The authors are convinced that these valuable qualities of handicraft products provide an opportunity for the development of handicraft tourism, in the future, as one of the priority areas of the Kyrgyzstan economy. Over time, the craft culture of the republic can become a permanent and demanded product offered for consumption and use by tourists.