The paper notes that after the formation of the Virgin Lands area in December 1960, the local health authorities faced a pressing issue of solving the problems of tuberculosis spread among the local population, as well as people resettled there. Tuberculosis, like other infectious diseases, was widespread in Kazakhstan. The establishment of tuberculosis dispensaries and the creation of fluorography and X-ray machines have provided an opportunity to expand preventive measures for the examination and detection of tuberculosis patients. The health authorities of the Virgin Lands area considered work in this direction as improving the quality of medical care. However, the quality of treatment was often reduced due to the facts that the treatment regimen was violated in several dispensaries, there were not enough specialists, control over the full and long-term treatment of tuberculosis patients was not imposed. The authors of the paper concluded that insufficient and not universal organization of medical care was one of the reasons for the high incidence of tuberculosis among the population.

The article examines the outbreak of infectious hepatitis and typhoid fever in 1964 in the city of Tselinograd. During the development of virgin and fallow lands a large number of people arrived in northern Kazakhstan. The urban infrastructure that existed at that time was not always able to provide the population with the necessary services, which often led to failure and the emergence of a difficult epidemiological situation. On the basis of statistical materials, the authors show an increase in the incidence of hepatitis and typhoid fever in the population in a short time, and also analyse the accompanying reasons. It is concluded that a gross violation of sanitary rules when choosing a place for the technical water intake and its connection to a drinking water supply on the territory of the railway junction was the main cause of the epidemic.

The article deals with the medical care of children during World War II through the system of hospital and non-hospital care in Karaganda region. The struggle against epidemiological diseases has become one of the primary tasks of the doctors. Prevention of such diseases as measles, diphtheria, dysentery, whooping cough, etc. was carried out by vaccination, revaccination, strengthening of infant nutrition and other measures. Gastrointestinal diseases were also among the causes of infant mortality. The fight against gastrointestinal diseases was also an urgent task of the health authorities during the war years. Nurseries were a necessary measure of assistance to working women during the war. The nurseries were under the jurisdiction of the People's Commissariat of Health. The authorities carefully monitored the health of Soviet children, and prevented the mass spread of infectious and gastrointestinal infections among children of Karaganda region.

The article notes that after the beginning of the process of developing virgin lands in Kazakhstan in the 1950s, the health authorities faced the question of creating a disinfection station in the city of Tselinograd. The problem in those years was acute, since sewage treatment plants were under construction in the virgin land city and often sewage water was pumped without treatment and discharged into the Taldy-Kul storage lake, located 12 km from the city. The high population density led to an annual increase in the number of infections. The ongoing and final disinfection measures carried out by the health authorities undoubtedly gave certain positive results. However, in infectious diseases hospitals, the regime of chamber disinfection was constantly violated, there were not enough staff, which together lowered the quality of the complex of special measures aimed at destroying pathogens of infectious diseases. The authors of the article came to the conclusion that the measures carried out by the health authorities could not meet the needs of the local and visiting population, and the insufficient organization of the sanitary service was one of the reasons for the high incidence of various infections among the population.

This article deals with the organization of dermatovenereological services for the population in 1962–1963 in the Tselinny kray. The authors analyze the complex of reasons that led to the weak development of this area of medicine in the northern regions of Kazakhstan. The measures of regional and local executive authorities for the development of medical services for the population are considered. A sharp increase in the population of virgin lands put on the agenda the issues of accelerated development of medical services, the construction of dispensaries, hospitals and clinics. The authors emphasize that the fight against the growth of dermatovenereological diseases caused by the beginning of mass migration of people to the development of virgin and fallow lands became an important area of health development. The authors conclude that notable successes in the development of the dermatovenereological service in the region, however, did not fully solve the emerging problems of disease prevention and treatment, which in turn led to the periodicity of updating this issue.