The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry

Hales, Robert E.; Yudofsky, Stuart C.; Roberts, Laura Weiss

doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781585625031

Cited by 78 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…Such a brain is unable to structure the environmental information. Importantly, in the American Psychiatric Textbook of Psychiatry [17] the psychotic symptoms of hallucinations and delusions are characterized as a loss of ego boundaries and the patient is unable to distinguish between his or her own thoughts/perceptions and those referring to the outer world. According to my pathophysiological model [5], the main systems of schizophrenia (thought disorder, delusions, hallucinations, catatonic symptoms, affective flattening) can be deduced from this conception.…”

Section: Model Of An Unbalanced Tripartite Synapse Responsible For Scmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Treatment Approach in Schizophrenia: Substitution of Glial Binding Proteins

Mitterauer¹

2016

ABB

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In chronic schizophrenia, synaptic information processing is unbalanced, as shown in a model of glial-neuronal synaptic units, called tripartite synapses. The glial component of the synapse exerts a modifying function in neurotransmission since the astrocyte activated by neurotransmitters produces gliotransmitters that negatively feedback to the presynapse. It is hypothesized that in schizophrenia nonfunctional astrocytic receptors cannot be activated, thus losing their modulating function. This causes a generalization of information processing in the neuronal networks such that the brain is unable to distinguish between subjects and objects in the environment. Delusions, hallucinations and cognitive impairment occur on the behavioral level. In a model of a cholinergic tripartite synapse, it is shown that glial binding proteins modify neurotransmission by occupancy with cognate neurotransmitters temporarily turning off neurotransmission on the presynapse. Most recently, glial binding proteins have been engineered. It is proposed that the substitution of glial binding proteins may balance synaptic information processing in schizophrenia since these proteins exert a modulatory function comparable to functional astrocytic receptors. Rapid technical developments may enable this novel treatment approach in schizophrenia.

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Section: Model Of An Unbalanced Tripartite Synapse Responsible For Scmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Treatment Approach in Schizophrenia: Substitution of Glial Binding Proteins

Mitterauer¹

2016

ABB

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“…Así, es la ciencia psiquiátrica la que determina qué son los trastornos mentales: "¡El médico [psiquiatra] pasó de demiurgo a filósofo racionalista y científico!" [19][20][21][22] . También la locura aparece en el arte porque el arte es asimismo un método, pero radicalmente diferente [23][24][25] .…”

Section: Razón Artística Y Razón Científicaunclassified

El camino a la locura: Ofelia en el arte de Shakespeare

2015

Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr.

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The treatment of psychic abnormality and madness which we find in Shakespeare's L a locura ha estado presente desde los albores de la humanidad 1,2 y a partir de la época moderna su estudio fue asumido casi exclusivamente por la ciencia psiquiátrica [3][4][5] . La locura acompaña al hombre de modo ininterrumpido por cuanto es una condición que es parte constitutiva de su existencia -pertenece a su esencia el poder perder la razón [6][7][8] . De ahí que, además de la ciencia, ha sido objeto de exploración por las demás ramas del saber y, entre ellas, el arte ha conseguido un puesto decisivo. Después de los trágicos griegos [9][10][11][12][13] , Shakespeare ha sido determinante en "la invención de lo humano" 14 , penetrando en la subjetividad inherente al volverse loco.El presente estudio analizará el camino a la locura de Ofelia. Después de diferenciar el acercamiento desde la ciencia y el arte, mostrará el tránsito progresivo de Ofelia hacia la sinrazón, para terminar con las insuperables aporías que surgen, porque, según Polonio, "definir la verdadera locura, ¿qué es sino nada más que estar loco?" (II,2, 94) 15 . Razón artística y razón científicaLa revolución científica del siglo XVII cambió la mirada: desde las cosas mismas (physis) a un método riguroso para acceder a ellas 16 . Methodos significa camino 17,18 y ahora la ciencia y su método definen lo que debe entenderse por realidad y verdad. Así, es la ciencia psiquiátrica la que determina qué son los trastornos mentales: "¡El médico [psiquiatra] pasó de demiurgo a filósofo racionalista y científico!" [19][20][21][22] . También la locura aparece en el arte porque el arte es asimismo un método, pero radicalmente diferente [23][24][25] . Ambos métodos difieren en el concepto de verdad: para "la razón científica", es certeza-precisión objetiva 26,27 ; para "la razón artística", esclareci-

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“…Schizophrenia is one of the most serious forms of mental diseases affecting about 1% of the general population worldwide (Maki et al, 2005) and it has been estimated to account for 2.3% of the total burden of disease in developed countries (Hales et al, 2008). As a chronic disease, schizophrenia affects not only the life of patients but also poses significant burden on close family members (Hales et al, 2008;McGrath et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a chronic disease, schizophrenia affects not only the life of patients but also poses significant burden on close family members (Hales et al, 2008;McGrath et al, 2008). The consensus view among the literature appears to be that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder (Fatemi and Folsom, 2009;Pearce, 2001;Murray and Lewis, 1987;Omranifard and Asadollahi, 2009), however the etiology of schizophrenia is still not well understood (Hales et al, 2008;Walker et al, 2004;Jayyab, 2010). One of the weaknesses of the neurodevelopmental model is that there is a long time gap between neurodevelopment which occurs during the prenatal and early childhood periods and the onset of schizophrenia symptoms, which tend to occur in the 20s (Hales et al, 2008;Fatemi and Folsom, 2009;Girolamo et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%