The Amnesic Effect of Diazepam (Valium)

Clarke, Peter; Eccersley, P. S.; Frisby, John P.; Thornton, J. A.

doi:10.1093/bja/42.8.690

Cited by 173 publications

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“…The performance impairment associated with acute benzodiazepine administration is well documented (e.g. Clarke et al, 1970;File & Bond, 1979 (Vogel, 1979), the effects of propranolol have been less clear. Tyrer & Lader (1974b) found 120 mg to be without effect, whereas Bryan et al (Figure 1).…”

Section: Pulsementioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the effects of lorazepam with those of propranolol on experimentally‐induced anxiety and performance.

File¹,

Lister²

1985

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1 In a double-blind cross-over study the effects of propranolol (80 mg) and of lorazepam (1 or 2.5 mg) were assessed in normal student volunteers using a number of performance tests and mood-rating and bodily symptom questionnaires. Drug effects on experimentally-induced anxiety were also studied. 2 The high dose of lorazepam impaired performance in digit-symbol substitution, symbol copying and verbal learning tests, and increased subjects' ratings of dizziness. Both lorazepam and propranolol increased simple reaction time. Lorazepam but not propranolol increased ratings of sedation. 3 Although the stressor increased subjects' ratings of anxiety, neither drug altered anxiety ratings. 4 Propranolol decreased and lorazepam increased subjects' pulse. These changes were not reflected in subjects' self-ratings -lorazepam caused a reduction in ratings of palpitations. 5 The results suggest that if administered acutely, neither drug is beneficial in the treatment of short-term anxiety associated with intellectual stress.

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Section: Pulsementioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the effects of lorazepam with those of propranolol on experimentally‐induced anxiety and performance.

File¹,

Lister²

1985

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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“…We thank Nancy Fallis and Janis L. Berie for their assistance. Requests for reprints should be sent to Steven P. Mewaldt, Department of Psychology, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25701.For example, diazepam impairs acquisition of serial, paired-associate, and free-recall lists, but does not affect performance on a Brown-Peterson distractor task or a short memory span task, or, apparently, hinder retrieval of previously acquired information (see Clarke, Eccersley, Frisby, & Thornton, 1970; Dundee & Pandit, 1972; Ghoneim & Mewaldt, 1975 Hinrichs, Mewaldt, Ghoneim, & Berie, 1982). We have interpreted these data as suggesting that diazepam leaves STM and retrieval from LTM intact, while greatly impeding the transfer of information from STM to LTM.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diazepam and memory: Support for a duplex model of memory

1983

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In three experiments, the hypothesis that diazepam (Valium) selectively impairs the transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory was supported by differences between placebo and drugged subjects in effects of item difficulty, serial position (primacy-recency), and list length. In Experiment I, diazepam reduced recall in the primacy portion of the serial position function, but produced no performance difference in the recency component. Recall decreased in placebo subjects as item difficulty increased, but drugged subjects were relatively uaffected by manipulation of difficulty. In Experiments 2 and 3, subjects treated with diazepam exhibited smaller gains in immediate recall with increasing list length than placebo controls. Retrieval of words learned before drug administration was not impaired by diazepam; in fact, it was significantly enhanced relative to control performance. The results add further support to the distinction between short-and long-term memory.Since the 1960s, a dominant approach to learning and memory processes has been to divide memory into two components: a limited-capacity, short-term-memory (STM) store and a large-capacity, long-term-memory (LTM) store (see Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968, 1971, and Waugh & Norman, 1965. Although there are a number of criticisms of the duplex model that have forced modifications of the theory (for a review, see Klatzky, 1980), it continues to be a comprehensive and useful approach to the analysis of human memory. The present paper is intended to illustrate the usefulness of the model in the growing area of cognitive psychopharmacology and also to illustrate how pharmacological manipulations can be utilized to investigate specific human memory processes.The literature on cognitive psychopharmacology contains many studies of drugs with similar and specific detrimental effects on memory (e .g., Birnbaum & Parker, 1977;Crow & Grove-White, 1973 ;Darley, Tinklenberg, Roth, Hollister, & Atkinson, 1973; Ghoneim & Mewaldt, 1975. Illustrative of these drugs is diazepam (Valium), until recently the most often prescribed drug in the world. The specific memory impairment produced by diazepam has been well demonstrated.This research was supported by NIMH Grant MH 35324. A portion of this paper was presented at the Psychonornic Society meeting in Minneapolis, November 12, 1982. We thank Nancy Fallis and Janis L. Berie for their assistance. Requests for reprints should be sent to Steven P. Mewaldt, Department of Psychology, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25701.For example, diazepam impairs acquisition of serial, paired-associate, and free-recall lists, but does not affect performance on a Brown-Peterson distractor task or a short memory span task, or, apparently, hinder retrieval of previously acquired information (see Clarke, Eccersley, Frisby, & Thornton, 1970; Dundee & Pandit, 1972; Ghoneim & Mewaldt, 1975 Hinrichs, Mewaldt, Ghoneim, & Berie, 1982). We have interpreted these data as suggesting that diazepam leaves STM and retrieval from LT...

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“…L'effet « amnésiant » des BZD a été découvert accidentellement par des anesthésistes qui utilisaient ces substances comme agent pré-anesthésiant (Clark et al, 1970 ;Sellal et al, 1994). Il s'agit d'une amnésie antérograde transitoire caractérisée par un oubli à mesure de l'information nouvelle.…”

Section: Effet « Amnésiant » Des Bzdunclassified

Benzodiazépines : conséquences sur le fonctionnement mnésique des personnes âgées

Bédard

2004

smq

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Des études effectuées chez une population de volontaires sains en administration unique indiquent que les benzodiazépines (BZD) sont connues pour induire des déficits en mémoire. Cette population étudiée ne correspond toutefois pas avec celle qui consomme régulièrement ces substances soit les personnes âgées. Peu d’études ont été faites auprès de cette population cible afin de déterminer l’impact des BZD sur leur mémoire. Par contre, il existe des évidences suggérant aussi qu’il existe des conséquences importantes sur le fonctionnement de la mémoire des personnes âgées qui prennent des BZD. Les données actuelles vont même jusqu’à suggérer que les BZD exacerbent les déficits de mémoire chez les personnes âgées. Cela pourrait même constituer un facteur de risque précipitant le déclin cognitif et augmentant ainsi le risque de développer une démence.Studies conducted with a healthy voluntary population with a unique medication indicate that benzodiazepines (BZD) are known to induce memory deficits. However, this group does not correspond to the population usually using these medication on a regular basis, knowingly the elderly people. Few studies have been conducted with this target population to determine the impact of BZD on their memory. However, some findings suggest that there are important consequences on the functionning of memory of the elderly people taking BZD. The current data go as far as suggesting that BZD exacerbate memory deficits in the elderly. This could even constitute a risk factor that could hasten cognitive decline and thus increase development of dementia.Los estudios efectuados de una dosis única en una población de voluntarios sanos indican que las benzodiacepinas (BDZ) son conocidas por inducir déficit de memoria. Esta población estudiada no corresponde, sin embargo, a la que consume regularmente estas substancias, es decir, las personas de edad avanzada. Se han realizado pocos estudios en esta población objeto a fin de determinar el impacto de las BZD en la memoria. Sin embargo, existen evidencias que sugieren también que existen consecuencias importantes en el funcionamiento de la memoria de las personas de edad avanzada que toman BZD. Los datos actuales llegan a sugerir que las BZD exacerban los déficit de memoria en las personas de edad avanzada. Esto podría incluso constituir un factor de riesgo que precipita la decadencia cognitiva y aumenta de esta manera el riesgo de desarrollar demencia.Estudos efetuados em uma população de voluntários saudáveis em administração única indicam que as benzodiazepinas (BZD) são conhecidas por induzir déficits de memória. Entretanto, esta população estudada não é comparável à que consume regularmente estas substâncias, ou seja, as pessoas idosas. Poucos estudos foram realizados junto a esta população-alvo afim de determinar o impacto das BZD na memória. Por outro lado, existem evidências que também sugerem a existência de conseqüências importantes no funcionamento da memória das pessoas idosas que fazem uso das BZD. Os dados atuais chegam até a sugerir...

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The Amnesic Effect of Diazepam (Valium)

Cited by 173 publications

References 0 publications

A comparison of the effects of lorazepam with those of propranolol on experimentally‐induced anxiety and performance.

A comparison of the effects of lorazepam with those of propranolol on experimentally‐induced anxiety and performance.

Diazepam and memory: Support for a duplex model of memory

Benzodiazépines : conséquences sur le fonctionnement mnésique des personnes âgées

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