The Amygdala and Anxiety

Linsambarth, Sergio; Moraga-Amaro, Rodrigo; Donoso, Daisy Quintana; Rojas, Sebastián; Stehberg, Jimmy

doi:10.5772/intechopen.68618

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 232 publications

(256 reference statements)

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“…Several brain regions have been associated to anxiety in humans and rodents, among which, the amygdala has shown to be pivotal in orchestrating behavioral responses to both fear and anxiety (Tovote et al, 2015). Other brain areas that have been associated to anxiety include the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, hippocampus, septum, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, ventral tegmental area and locus coeruleus, among others (reviewed in Linsambarth et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Rodent Insula in Anxiety

et al. 2019

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The human insula has been consistently reported to be overactivated in all anxiety disorders, activation which has been suggested to be proportional to the level of anxiety and shown to decrease with effective anxiolytic treatment. Nonetheless, studies evaluating the direct role of the insula in anxiety are lacking. Here, we set out to investigate the role of the rodent insula in anxiety by either inactivating different insular regions via microinjections of glutamatergic AMPA receptor antagonist CNQX or activating them by microinjection of GABA receptor antagonist bicuculline in rats, before measuring anxiety-like behavior using the elevated plus maze. Inactivation of caudal and medial insular regions induced anxiogenic effects, while their activation induced anxiolytic effects. In contrast, inactivation of more rostral areas induced anxiolytic effects and their activation, anxiogenic effects. These results suggest that the insula in the rat has a role in the modulation of anxiety-like behavior in rats, showing regional differences; rostral regions have an anxiogenic role, while medial and caudal regions have an anxiolytic role, with a transition area around bregma +0.5. The present study suggests that the insula has a direct role in anxiety.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Rodent Insula in Anxiety

et al. 2019

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“…It has been reported that functional and anatomical changes occur in the amygdala following acute and chronic stress. The level of general anxiety and spine density of principal neurons of the basolateral amygdala have been reported to increase 10 days after acute stress in rodents (Linsambarth et al., 2017). Chronic immobilization stress can induce more robust anxiety‐like behaviors in rodents, and within 24 h after stress cessation, anxiety is significantly increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Date palm spathe extract reverses chronic stress‐induced changes in dendritic arborization in the amygdala and impairment of hippocampal long‐term potentiation

Hadipour

Meftahi

Jahromi

2023

Synapse

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Chronic restraint stress induces anxiety-like behaviors and emotional abnormalities via an alteration of synaptic remodeling in the amygdala and the hippocampus. Given that the date palm spathe has been shown to have neuroprotective effects on different experimental models, this study aimed to address whether the date palm spathe extract (hydroalcoholic extract of date palm spathe [HEDPP]) can reduce chronic restraint stress-induced behavioral, electrophysiological, and morphological changes in the rat model. Thirty-two male Wistar rats (weight 200-220 g) were randomly divided into control, stress, HEDPP, and stress + HEDPP for 14 days. Animals were submitted to restraint stress for 2 h per day for 14 consecutive days. The animals of the HEDPP and stress + HEDPP groups were supplemented with HEDPP (125 mg/kg) during these 14 days, 30 min before being placed in the restraint stress tube. We used passive avoidance, open-field test, and field potential recording to assess emotional memory, anxiety-like behavioral and long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, respectively. Moreover, Golgi-Cox staining was used to investigate the amygdala neuron dendritic arborization. Results showed that stress induction was associated with behavioral changes (anxiety-like behavioral and emotional memory impairment), and the administration of HEDPP effectively normalized these deficits.HEDPP remarkably amplified the slope and amplitude of mean-field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in the CA1 area of the hippocampus in stressed rats. Chronic restraint stress significantly decreased the dendritic arborization in the central and basolateral nucleus of the amygdala neuron. HEDPP suppressed this stress effect in the central nucleus of the amygdala. Our findings indicated that HEDPP administration improves stress-induced learning impairment and memory and anxiety-like behaviors by preventing adverse effects on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and amygdala.

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“…THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and nicotine both trigger dopamine release, low levels of which are related to anhedonia 21 , 22 . Dopamine has also been associated with anxiety as it is released into the brain regions associated with anxiety 23 , including the amygdala 24 . Along with serotonin, dopamine has also been found to play a physiological role in social anxiety disorders 25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of tobacco and marijuana use with symptoms of depression and anxiety among adolescents and young adults in Texas

Sumbe¹,

Wilkinson²,

Clendennen³

et al. 2022

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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INTRODUCTION Young people with depression and/or anxiety may self-medicate with tobacco or tobacco with marijuana to reduce their symptoms. This study sought to differentiate between the use of tobacco products as intended and tobacco products modified to accommodate marijuana, and to explore their relationships with symptoms of depression and anxiety among youth and young adults. METHODS The study is a secondary analysis of Wave 9 (Spring 2019) data from the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance (TATAMS) (n=2439, N=274030). Anxiety and major depressive symptoms were measured by GAD-7 and PHQ-9, respectively. RESULTS The odds of reporting current use of e-cigarettes without marijuana (adjusted prevalence odds ratio, APOR=2.34; 95% CI: 1.30–4.21, p=0.005) and current use of combustible tobacco without marijuana (APOR=2.99; 95% CI: 1.26–7.09, p=0.014) were significantly higher among those who reported depression/anxiety comorbidity compared to those who reported no symptoms of major depressive symptoms (MDS), anxiety or comorbidity. The odds of reporting ever use of e-cigarettes with marijuana (APOR=3.68; 95% CI: 1.69– 8.00, p=0.001), current use of e-cigarettes with marijuana (APOR=2.76; 95% CI: 1.28–5.97, p=0.01) and ever use of combustible tobacco with marijuana (APOR=3.99; 95% CI: 1.66–9.58, p=0.002) were significantly higher among those reporting only MDS compared to those who reported no symptoms of MDS, anxiety or comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS The study findings can have implications for intervention planning, as interventions need to address marijuana and nicotine use in tobacco products and address anxiety and depression.

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The Amygdala and Anxiety

Cited by 9 publications

References 232 publications

The Role of the Rodent Insula in Anxiety

The Role of the Rodent Insula in Anxiety

Date palm spathe extract reverses chronic stress‐induced changes in dendritic arborization in the amygdala and impairment of hippocampal long‐term potentiation

Association of tobacco and marijuana use with symptoms of depression and anxiety among adolescents and young adults in Texas

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