The Anaesthetic Machine-a Study of Function and Design

Boquet, G.; Bushman, J.A.; Davenport, H. T.

doi:10.1093/bja/52.1.61

Cited by 59 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The results on variations in action density also fit very well with research on workload in anaesthesia (Gaba andLee 1990, Weinger et al 2004b). When focusing on the composition of anaesthetists' activity patterns during the different phases of anaesthesia, the results of this study are in line with previous task analysis studies in anaesthesia (Kennedy et al 1976, Boquet et al 1980, McDonald and Dzwonczyk 1988, Manser and Wehner 2002.…”

Section: Activity Patterns Over the Different Phases Of Anaesthesiasupporting

confidence: 88%

“…An approach based on (behavioural) task analysis is proposed as a first step to gain a better understanding of the similarities and differences between simulation environment and clinical work settings in anaesthesia. Task analysis methods have already been applied successfully in studies on human factors issues in the performance of anaesthesia in the clinical setting (Kennedy et al 1976, Boquet et al 1980, Weinger et al 1994, Weinger and Slagle 2002. In a previous field study using task analysis, the authors observed distinct variations in anaesthetist's activity patterns depending on the anaesthetic procedure, the phase of an anaesthetic procedure and the occurrence of non-routine events (Manser and Wehner 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of anaesthetists' activity patterns in the operating room and during simulation

et al. 2007

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This study investigated the behavioural aspects of ecological validity of anaesthesia simulation environments using a task analysis approach. Six anaesthesists were observed during two cases performed in the operating room (OR), one routine and two critical incident simulation scenarios. A two-way MANOVA for repeated measures was performed with the independent variables Case (OR/SIM-R/SIM-CI) and Phase Induction/ Maintenance (Emergence), the latter being a repeated measure. Dependent variables were the proportion of each phase spent on each of the observation categories. Statistically significant main effects for Phase concerning communication, monitoring, manual tasks and documentation, for Case concerning communication and documentation, and a significant interaction effect for Phase x Case concerning manual tasks and other were found. Increased action density (i.e. amount of co-occurring activities) was observed during Induction, Emergence and the Management of simulated critical events. The similarities and differences in anaesthetists' activity patterns identified in this study will help to further improve the ecological validity of simulation environments as research settings.

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Section: Activity Patterns Over the Different Phases Of Anaesthesiasupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of anaesthetists' activity patterns in the operating room and during simulation

et al. 2007

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“…They discuss the effects of time-sharing; signal frequency, strength, and mode of presentation; noise; environmental pollution; and sleep deprivation. Probably the most comprehensive study to date that effectively uses these ergonomic techniques was published by Boquet et al [8]. They filmed the actions of anesthetists at work and measured, with an oculometer, where the anesthetists were looking at any instant.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why investigate vigilance?

Weinger

1986

J Clin Monitor Comput

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“…immobility and consciousness) (Xiao, 1994) in dynamic and complex environments with varying or high workload and risk levels (Gaba & Howard, 1995). It is for this reason that a vast amount of patient monitoring research has traditionally been focused on the anaesthesia environment (Boquet, Bushman, & Davenport, 1980;Loeb et al, 1989;Mylrea et al, 1993;Navabi et al, 1989;Seagull & Sanderson, 2001;Thompson, Watson, & Sanderson, 2005;Watson et al, 1999;Williams & Beatty, 2005) with more focuses on nursing staff (Potter et al, 2005) and home care being reviewed in recent times particular due to the developed world's increasingly aging population.…”

Section: Users Of the Patient Monitoring Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is mainly due to the fact that medical staff, such as anaesthetists and nurses, do not consistently have their visual attention focused on the monitoring equipment; rather, their primary visual focus is on the patient, preparing charts, or drawing up medication. Weinger and Englund (1990) note that Boquet et al (1980) found, after analysing 16 hours of filmed anaesthetic activities, that 60% of the visual activity was directed at either the patient or the surgical field, with only 5% directed at the monitors.…”

Section: Types Of Auditory Displays Used In Medical Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A human factors evaluation of auditory displays in medical electrical equipment

Wee¹

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Auditory alarms have, for the most part, gone unchanged in human technological developmental history. This is largely due to their success and simplicity. As they take advantage of the primitive human principle of fight or flight, they have been found to be a significant attractor of attention, are generally easy to understand, omi-directional, and to the point.Medical staff, for instance, use sounds in many aspects of patient monitoring-the steady beeping of the pulse oximeter, or insistent alarms from equipment when a patient is going critical. However, due to the complex nature of patient care, the sounds that demand the most attention are not always the most useful, and are sometimes detrimental to work, causing annoyance and confusion.Thus the problem is determining the best way to alert medical and nursing staff to changes in a patient's state, provide them with enough information about this change when needed, and not affect their ability to address it and other immediate concerns. For about three decades, the design of effective auditory alarms and displays in the operating room and intensive care unit (ICU) environment has received a significant amount of attention from human factors researchers. Contributing studies on the physical limitations of the auditory channel (Neurobiology and Psychoacoustics), how this information is processed (Cognitive Psychology), and how best to represent the information (Display Engineering) provide a valuable source of information which should inform the design of such displays. How much effect this has had on the industry, however, is debatable, as the design and development of the majority of auditory displays currently in operating rooms seems to have largely ignored these findings.Instead, human factors researchers have found it necessary to perform their evaluations on an ad hoc basis. Often well after the medical systems have been produced and put into use.This thesis presents the findings of a study involving a set of informative melodic medical alarms which has been presented as a design standard for implementation in the International Electrotechnical Commission standard for Medical Electrical Equipment. The goal in providing this design was to provide alarms which not only direct attention, but iii convey simple information encoded within the melody, which communicates to medical practitioners which organ system has entered an abnormal state.In the first 2 experiments, the practicability of the presented alarms as an informative auditory display was evaluated on both novice and professional (practicing nurses) populations. The use of mnemonic learning aids was also examined as these were central to the fundamental design intention of the alarm melodies. The results confirmed participant testimonies that the provided mnemonics did not aid them in identifying alarm labels when presented with the alarm sound, even after prolonged testing over 2 days.Expert knowledge in the domain and knowledge of the context of the menmonics also did not provide any perfor...

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The Anaesthetic Machine-a Study of Function and Design

Cited by 59 publications

References 2 publications

Comparison of anaesthetists' activity patterns in the operating room and during simulation

Comparison of anaesthetists' activity patterns in the operating room and during simulation

Why investigate vigilance?

A human factors evaluation of auditory displays in medical electrical equipment

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