The analgesic effect of sucrose in full term infants: a randomised controlled trial

Haouari, N.; Wood, Christopher; Griffiths, G. K.; Levene, Malcolm I.

doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6993.1498

Cited by 163 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

113

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This shows that 25% and 50% glucose when given orally are comparable in their analgesic effect and 10% glucose and EBM have a comparable analgesic effect. Our results are similar to the results of Blass et al [5], Haouari et al [6] and Ramenghi et al [7], the only difference being that all these studies had used sucrose solutions for analgesic.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In a similar study by Skogsdal et al [12], in neonates with more than 30 weeks gestation and of age between 24 hours and 30 days, mean duration of 1 st cry was found to be 35 seconds in neonates given no treatment, while it was 10 seconds in neonates given 25% glucose. In another study Haouari et al [6], using oral sucrose as an analgesic agent, found decrease in duration of 1 st cry in neonates given 12.5%. 25% and 50% solutions, which are comparable with our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Various studies [5][6][7] have shown that infants given oral sucrose, cry less during heel pricks and these effects can be blocked by naltrexone, an opioid antagonist, suggesting a link between the orogustatory effect of sweet solution orally and endogenous opioid pathways. However, sterile solution of sucrose -a disaccharide, is not normally available in the nursery/postnatal ward.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonpharmacological intervention is a more feasible alternative. Various studies [5][6][7] have shown that administration of oral sucrose, a disaccharide, raises the pain threshold, presumably mediated by endogenous opioids and could be used for that purpose. However, sucrose is not routinely used in neonatal care and is not readily available in the neonatal nursery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Analgesic Effect of Oral Glucose in Neonates

Jatana¹,

Dalal²,

Wilson

2003

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The International Association for the Study of Pain, has defined pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience connected with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage". It was thought that the newborn baby does not experience pain because of incompletely developed nervous system. However, it has been shown that neurological system known to be associated with pain transmission and modulation, is intact and functional. A study was conducted in our center to study the analgesic effect of administration of oral glucose in various concentrations, in neonates undergoing heel punctures, for collection of blood for investigations. This was compared with the analgesic effects of breast milk (which contains lactose). 125 full term normal neonates with no history of birth asphyxia or underlying neurological abnormality, requiring heel punctures for collection of blood for various investigations were selected for the study. They were matched for gestational age, birth weight and sex distribution and divided into 5 groups of 25 each. One group comprised control subjects and was administered sterile water. 3 groups were administered 1 ml of varying strengths of glucose solutions i.e. 10%, 25% and 50% respectively. The last group was given 1 ml of expressed breast milk (EBM). Prior to heel pricks, state of arousal, baseline heart rate (HR) and transcutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) were recorded by pulse oximeter in each neonate. Autolet, a mechanical device for capillary sampling, was used for heel pricks to give equal strength of painful stimulus in each procedure. Audio tape recorder was used to record the cry. The oral solution was administered slowly over 30 seconds by means of a syringe placed in the mouth. Heel puncture was done after 2 minutes, taking all aseptic precautions. HR and SpO 2 were monitored using pulse oximeter. Pain response was assessed, by recording duration of crying, change in HR, change in SpO 2 and facial action score after the procedure. Mean duration of cry and total cry over 5 minutes was significantly less in groups given 25% and 50% glucose solutions as compared to the control group and babies given EBM. Difference in mean increase in HR, fall in SpO 2 were statistically significant between control group, EBM group and neonates given 25% and 50% glucose solutions respectively. Compared to control group, all other administered solutions (10%, 25%, 50% glucose and EBM) were found to reduce physiological and behavioral responses in neonates undergoing heel punctures. 25% and 50% glucose solutions were found to have maximal analgesic effect and both were found to be equally effective. EBM and 10% glucose solution have an equal analgesic effect but less than 25% or 50% glucose. This simple, cheap and safe method of oral analgesia can be easily used in neonates undergoing heel prick procedures during routine neonatal care. MJAFI 2003; 59 : 100-104

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Analgesic Effect of Oral Glucose in Neonates

Jatana¹,

Dalal²,

Wilson

2003

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sixteen of the 29 articles selected were studies of fullterm neonate patient samples, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] eleven studied preterm neonates [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] and two included comparisons between preterm and fullterm neonates. 44,45 The volume of sucrose used in the majority of the studies involving fullterm neonates was 2 ml, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][27][28][29][30][31][32] with concentrations of 12%, 20,24,30,31 12.5%, 18,32 24%, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A eficácia da sacarose no alívio de dor em neonatos: revisão sistemática da literatura

Gaspardo¹,

Linhares²,

Martinez³

2005

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To present a review of empirical studies published from 1993 to 2004 on the efficacy of sucrose solution for relieving pain in neonates.Sources of data: Information was obtained from the MEDLINE/PsycINFO/ISI WEB of SCIENCE/LILACS and SciELO databases by searching for sucrose, pain, newborn and neonate. Summary of data:Sucrose solution has demonstrated efficacy in pain relief during puncture procedures on samples of preterm and fullterm neonates. The recommendation is to administer oral sucrose, to the front of the tongue, 2 minutes before the painful procedure. Other non-pharmacological interventions, such as human breastmilk via nasogastric tube, non-nutritional suckling and being held at the breast, also demonstrated synergic analgesic effects when administered in association with sucrose. The majority of studies demonstrated a positive pain relief effect with a single 2 ml dose at 25%. Conclusions could not be drawn on the best repeat administration scheme; in the few studies that did provide an indication, the dose was 0.1 ml at 24%. The analgesic pain relief effect promoted by the sucrose was observed through altered behavioral responses, facial activity and crying. Heart rate underwent larger reductions as a result of sucrose administration during painful procedures than any of the other physiological responses. Conclusions

show abstract