THE ANALYSIS AND RECONSTRUCTION OF DIURNAL FLIGHT CURVES IN ALIENICOLAE OF <i>APHIS FABAE</i> SCOP.

Johnson, C. G.; Taylor, L. R.; Haine, E.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1957.tb00413.x

Cited by 43 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This suggests the mechanism underlying the periodicity in flight activity reported from field observations of B. tabaci ( Byrne & von Bretzel 1987), in which peak flight activity was in the early morning and late afternoon, when wind speeds were low. Similar patterns of flight activity have been reported for aphids in temperate habitats ( Johnson et al . 1957 ), in which both wind and temperature were found to be important predictors of flight activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Modulation of whitefly take‐off and flight orientation by wind speed and visual cues

Isaacs¹,

Willis

Byrne³

1999

Physiological Entomology

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The effect of different wind speeds on take‐off and flight orientation of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), was studied in the presence of a green visual stimulus which reflected 550 ± 10 nm light, or a white stimulus of the same intensity. When the white light was present, take‐off was negatively correlated with wind speed. Analysis of the flight tracks of whiteflies in 0, 15 and 30 cm/s wind with the white light present showed that flight was not directed toward the stimulus in zero wind, and that insects were carried downwind as the wind increased. Net displacement downwind was significantly slower than the wind speed, indicating that B. tabaci can control its rate of displacement relative to its surroundings, and is not always passively transported by the wind. In the presence of the green visual stimulus, take‐off and flight behaviour of B. tabaci was markedly different to that observed in the presence of the white light. Taking off was more likely and whiteflies made upwind orientated flights, landing on the illuminated section of the screen when it reflected green light. At all wind speeds tested, the mean ground speeds of B. tabaci were approximately 20 cm/s whether the insects were flying upwind or downwind. This uniformity of ground speed regardless of the changing effects of wind‐induced drift in different directions strongly suggests that whiteflies actively control their ground speed using visual flow fields in a manner similar to all other flying insects examined thus far.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Modulation of whitefly take‐off and flight orientation by wind speed and visual cues

Isaacs¹,

Willis

Byrne³

1999

Physiological Entomology

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“…The resultant high fuel consumption restricts flight duration. However, they appear to fly for at most 2 h, rarely flying to exhaustion, preferring to settle after a short flight and resuming flight immediately if they happen to settle on a nonhost plant (Johnson et al 1957, Kennedy 1965. Aphids reduce their mass by excreting before taking off (MacKay andDowner 1979, Dixon 1985), which should result in a reduction in the rate of energy consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost of Flight Apparatus and Optimum Body Size of Aphid Migrants

Dixon

Kindlmann

1999

Ecology

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The incorporation of aerodynamic considerations into an optimal energy partitioning model developed for aphids results in the prediction that migrants should be smaller and take longer to develop than nonmigrants. If individuals are structurally similar (i.e., the relative sizes of body parts and flight apparatus are similar), then both within and between species, aerodynamic considerations predict that biomass of wing muscles should scale relative to body mass with an exponent between 1 and 7/6, and wing beat frequency directly proportional to wing length for maximum power output to 1/2 power of wing length, when cruising. The empirical results for aphids indicate that within species, individuals of different sizes may not be structurally identical; large individuals appear to have proportionally smaller wings, and as theory predicts, appear to compensate for this by having proportionally larger wing muscles than small individuals. Interspecifically, aphids appear to be structurally identical both in terms of wing area, wing beat frequency, and in the relative size of the thorax. As predicted both intra-and interspecifically, large migrants, although having larger gonads, nevertheless have proportionally smaller gonads than small migrants. Empirical results also conform to the prediction that migrants should be smaller than nonmigrants, particularly so in large species. The prediction that the developmental time for migrants should be longer than for nonmigrants is supported by published data for aphids. The significance of these findings is discussed in the context of Roff's hypothesis that insect migrants should be larger and develop faster than nonmigrants.

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“…In a series of papers Johnston, Taylor, and their colleagues, have analysed the factors involved in the flight activity patterns of Aphis fabae [33,34].…”

Section: Aphidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Rhythms in Insects

Harker

1973

Biological Aspects of Circadian Rhythms

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THE ANALYSIS AND RECONSTRUCTION OF DIURNAL FLIGHT CURVES IN ALIENICOLAE OF APHIS FABAE SCOP.

Cited by 43 publications

References 10 publications

Modulation of whitefly take‐off and flight orientation by wind speed and visual cues

Modulation of whitefly take‐off and flight orientation by wind speed and visual cues

Cost of Flight Apparatus and Optimum Body Size of Aphid Migrants

Circadian Rhythms in Insects

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