The Analysis of Pipeline Transportation Process for CO2 Captured From Reference Coal-Fired 900 MW Power Plant to Sequestration Region

Abstract

Three commercially available intercooled compression strategies for compressing CO 2 were studied. All of the compression concepts required a final delivery pressure of 153 bar at the inlet to the pipeline. Then, simulations were used to determine the maximum safe pipeline distance to subsequent booster stations as a function of inlet pressure, environmental temperature, thickness of the thermal insulation and ground level heat flux conditions. The results show that subcooled liquid transport increases energy efficiency and minimises the cost of CO 2 transport over long distances under heat transfer conditions. The study also found that the thermal insulation layer should not be laid on the external surface of the pipe in atmospheric conditions in Poland. The most important problems from the environmental protection point of view are rigorous and robust hazard identification which indirectly affects CO 2 transportation. This paper analyses ways of reducing transport risk by means of safety valves.

CO2 Pipeline Design: A Review

“…The safe distance is taken as 90% of the choking point. The plots from data obtained from Witkowski et al [37] and Zhang et al [63] are unrelated. Since temperature varies along a pipeline and has effects on the properties of CO 2 stream, it is necessary to take the temperature variations of the CO 2 stream into consideration while designing a pipeline.…”

“…Both the inlet temperature and the surrounding temperature have an effect on the pressure drop and the distance where recompression is required. Lower input and ambient temperatures result in lower pressure losses and are more favourable to CO2 pipeline transportation [37]. Figure 3 shows inlet temperature effect on the point of no-flow (or choking point) and safe distance of fluid flow before recompression.…”

“…Stipulating minimum pipeline pressure above 7.38 MPa, the critical pressure of CO 2 , ensures that the CO 2 fluid remains in the supercritical state [60]. Witkowski et al [37] raised the pressure to a safe 8.6 MPa to avoid high compressibility variations and changes in specific heat along the pipeline due to changes in temperature. All common impurities studied in Peletiri et al [61] were found to increase the critical pressure of CO 2 streams above 7.38 MPa and except for H 2 S and SO 2 , reduce the critical temperature below 30.95 • C. There are slight differences in the pressure ranges reported in the literature, but all pressures are above the critical value of 7.38 MPa.…”

“…Pipes having a higher wall thickness will withstand higher pressures without failing. Liquid CO2 requires thinner pipes compared to supercritical CO2 when [63] (choking point) [63] (safe distance) [37] (choking point) [37] (safe distance) Figure 3. Variations of maximum safe CO 2 pipeline length and choking point for different input temperatures [37,63].…”

“…This route ultimately determines the length of the pipeline. Many factors are considered while planning the route of a CO 2 pipeline including safety and running the pipeline across uninhabited areas [37]. The aim of designing an optimum route is to reduce the pipeline length, reduce cost by using existing infrastructure, avoid roads, rails, hills, lakes, rivers, orchards, water crossings and inhabited areas, minimise ecological damage, and have easy access to the pipeline [38].…”