The analysis of visibility range in smoke generated during combustion of polyester materials

Konecki, M.; Półka, Marzena

doi:10.14314/polimery.2006.293

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…To determine the fumes emission, a cone calorimetry test (dynamic method) and a single‐chamber test (static method) were used. In dynamic method, smoke flows through the measurement area in the participation of additional gas flow, while in the static one, smoke is accumulated in the closed chamber . The effect of nanoparticles and halogen‐free fire retardants on the smoke emission of the investigated composites is summarized in Table .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal stability, fire behavior, and fumes emission of polyethylene nanocomposites with halogen‐free fire retardants

et al. 2017

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The synergism between nanoparticles and different kinds of halogen-free fire retardants leading to reduction in flammability and smoke generation of polyethylene was investigated. The composites were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, oxygen index test, cone calorimeter measurements, and a single-chamber test. Moreover, the semivolatile and volatile compounds evolved in the thermal degradation processes of polyethylene were determined using a steady state tube furnace and gas chromatograph with mass spectrometer. Morphological and structural characteristics as well as thermomechanical properties of the composites were characterized using various techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The obtained data were compared to the results received for polyethylene and polymer with bromine-containing fire retardants. The incorporation of nanofillers and halogen-free fire retardants caused a reduction in combustibility as a consequence of the formation of char.Furthermore, the presence of nanoparticles has a beneficial effect on the inhibition of dripping. The polyethylene with carbon nanotubes, zinc borate, and aluminum hydroxide exhibited better combined properties of fire behavior and production of nontoxic smoke compared to the remaining composition and reference materials. K E Y W O R D Scombustibility, fire retardancy, nanocomposites, polyethylene, synergistic effects

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smoke extinction area (SEA) is a parameter, determined via the cone calorimeter test, corresponding to absorbing of light by the surface of smoke particles, generated during combustion of 1 kg of material . Use of bromine flame retardant resulted in more than five times increase in value of SEA compared to unmodified polyethylene.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal stability, fire behavior, and fumes emission of polyethylene nanocomposites with halogen‐free fire retardants

et al. 2017

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“…W bezhalogenowej modyfikacji ¿ywic poliestrowych zw³aszcza efektywne okaza³y siê wybrane tlenki lub wodorotlenki metali (np. Sb 2 O 3 ) [7], w tym, w szczególnooeci, przyjazne oerodowisku zwi¹zki cyno-cynkowe [8,9]. Przeprowadzono analizê kinetyczn¹ procesu degradacji termicznej otrzymanych przy ich u¿yciu kompozycji poliestrowych, potwierdzaj¹c¹ skutecznooeae tego rodzaju uniepalniaczy.…”

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Novel halogen-free flame retardants - flame retardation of unsaturated polyester resins with use of boron compounds

Kicko-Walczak¹

2008

Polimery

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Streszczenie-Oceniono efektywnooeae uniepalniaj¹cego dzia³ania nowych bezhalogenowych antypirenów (flame retardant-FR) w postaci wybranych zwi¹zków boru (zarówno krystalicznych, jak i ciek³ych) nienasyconych ¿ywic poliestrowych (UP). Okreoelono wp³yw rodzaju i ilooeci dodatków FR na poziom palnooeci oraz termostabilnooeae kompozycji i laminatów poliestrowo-szklanych metodami oznaczania wskaŸnika tlenowego (OI), analizy termograwimetrycznej oraz z zastosowaniem kalorymetru sto¿kowego. Wykonano pomiary czasu ¿elowania i lepkooeci kompozycji przed ich utwardzeniem oraz w³aoeciwooeci mechanicznych utwardzonych kompozycji. Stwierdzono, ¿e badane zwi¹zki boru ograniczaj¹ palenie UP i zmieniaj¹ zachowanie siê materia³u w p³omieniu, nie pogarszaj¹c przy tym w³aoeciwooeci fizycznych i wytrzyma³ooeciowych utwardzonych ¿ywic. S³owa kluczowe: nienasycone ¿ywice poliestrowe, antypireny borowe, uniepalnianie nienasyconych ¿ywic poliestrowych, charakterystyka ogniowa, w³aoeciwooeci wytrzyma³ooeciowe. NOVEL HALOGEN-FREE FLAME RETARDANTS-FLAME RETARDATION OF UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESINS WITH USE OF BORON COMPOUNDS Summary-The efficiency of boron compounds as novel halogen-free flame retardants (FR) for unsaturated polyester resins (UP) has been examined. Selected types of FR (both crystalline and liquid ones) were used in properly chosen amounts (Table 1). The effects of FR addition on flammability level and thermal stability of compositions and polyester-glass laminates were determined by oxygen index measurements, thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry (Table 2 and 3, Fig. 1-3). Gelation time and viscosity of the compositions before curing were also measured as well as mechanical properties of the cured compositions (Table 4). It was found that boron compounds used as flame retardants retard the UP burning and change the material behavior in the flame. The same time they do not deteriorate physical and strength properties of cured resins.

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Application of the Basalt Powder as a Filler for Polypropylene Composites With Improved Thermo‐Mechanical Stability and Reduced Flammability

Barczewski

Sałasińska

Kloziński

et al. 2018

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The influence of the basalt powder (BP) on mechanical properties as well as on thermal stability and flammability of the isotactic polypropylene (iPP) composites was investigated. Thermo‐mechanical stability of the pure polypropylene and composite materials containing from 5 up to 40 wt% BP was defined in static and dynamic testing conditions with the use of the heat distortion temperature measurement, vicat softening point temperature test, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. All measurements showed, unequivocally, a significant improvement of thermo‐mechanical stability of the composite materials which was directly related to an increasing amount of inorganic filler. A research conducted on the mechanical properties revealed that stiffness and hardness of polypropylene‐based composites was affected by the addition of the filler, leading to a strong increase of both mechanical parameters. Moreover, the application of thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry measurements allowed to determine the composites with highest thermal stability, which was dependent on the concentration of the filler. Changes observed in the polypropylene‐based composites properties were related to an increase of thermal diffusivity caused by presence of the BP measured by modified Angstrom method. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E71–E79, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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The analysis of visibility range in smoke generated during combustion of polyester materials

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Thermal stability, fire behavior, and fumes emission of polyethylene nanocomposites with halogen‐free fire retardants

Thermal stability, fire behavior, and fumes emission of polyethylene nanocomposites with halogen‐free fire retardants

Novel halogen-free flame retardants - flame retardation of unsaturated polyester resins with use of boron compounds

Application of the Basalt Powder as a Filler for Polypropylene Composites With Improved Thermo‐Mechanical Stability and Reduced Flammability

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